BACKGROUND Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) has been identified as a major preventable risk factor for anal incontinence. OBJECTIVE Aim was to measure national variation in incidence of OASIS by socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A retrospective population based case-control study using the data derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register for the years 1991-2010. A total populat...

A design for a canopy trap for collecting horse flies is described. The collecting heads can easily be changed since the collar is fixed in place and supports the trap. The collar allows an unobstructed pathway to the collecting head. The center pole has a sliding steel rod that allows adjustment of canopy height upon installation in one operation.

This paper studies the deterrent e↵ect of criminal enforcement on white-collar criminal activities. Using the 9/11 terrorist attacks as a shock to the FBI’s allocation of investigative resources and priorities, and variations in the Muslim population in the United States as a measure of geographic variations in the shock, I examine two questions: (1) Does the bureau’s shift to counter-terrorism...

The research on work-life conflict (WLC) is largely neglected in occupational medicine and public health and typically limited to white-collar workers and public servants. This study therefore aims to explore possible differences in the prevalence of WLC and its association with health outcomes between white- and blue-collar workers from different work environments in Switzerland. Cross-section...

BACKGROUND A better understanding of how occupational indicators (e.g. job type, doing shift-work, hours worked, physical demand) influence sitting time will aid in the design of more effective health behaviour interventions. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between several occupational indicators and total, occupational and leisure-time sitting. METHODS Cross-sectional se...

STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of cervical collars and cervicothoracic orthoses for stabilizing clinically relevant, experimentally produced cervical spine injuries. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Most previous in vitro studies of cervical orthoses used a simplified injury model with all ligaments transected at a single spin...

A survey was performed in 2008 on a representative stratified sample of 245 railroad employees in Slovenia (168 blue-collar and 77 white-collar workers) with the aim of exploring different dimensions of workers’ lifestyle health. For this purpose a special questionnaire was developed. The intensity of perceived job stress was measured with one general index based on a 4-point ordinal scale. The...