BACKGROUND Repetitive administration of medication or contrast agents is frequently performed in mice. The introduction of vascular access mini-ports (VAMP) for mice allows long-term vascular catheterization, hereby eliminating the need for repeated vessel puncture. With catheter occlusion being the most commonly reported complication of chronic jugular vein catheterization, we tested whether d...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of collaterals is associated with a reduced risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in patients with steno-occlusive carotid artery disease. Although metabolic syndrome negatively impacts collateral status, it is unclear whether and to what extent type 2 diabetes mellitus affects cerebral collateral flow regulation during hypoperfusion. METHODS We exam...

BACKGROUND The relationship between epicardial stenosis and microvascular resistance remains controversial. Exploring the relationship is critical, as many tools used in interventional cardiology imply minimal and constant resistance. However, variable collateralization may impact well on these measures. We hypothesized that when collateral supply was accounted for, microvascular resistance wou...

BACKGROUND Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral conductance arteries and is orchestrated by circulating monocytes, which invade growing collateral arteries and act as suppliers of cytokines and growth factors. CD44 glycoproteins are involved in leukocyte extravasation but also in the regulation of growth factor activation, stability, and signaling. Here, we explored the role o...

Background—Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral conductance arteries and is orchestrated by circulating monocytes, which invade growing collateral arteries and act as suppliers of cytokines and growth factors. CD44 glycoproteins are involved in leukocyte extravasation but also in the regulation of growth factor activation, stability, and signaling. Here, we explored the role o...

The factors responsible for collateral arterial growth after major artery occlusion remain obscure, despite their importance for tissue survival. An increase in endothelial cell labelling with tritiated thymidine, as an index of collateral arterial growth, occurs early after renal artery occlusion. Our working premise was that an increase in endothelial cell labelling would occur simultaneously...

OBJECTIVE The role of fluid shear stress (FSS) in collateral vessel growth remains disputed and prospective in vivo experiments to test its morphogenic power are rare. Therefore, we studied the influence of FSS on arteriogenesis in a new model with extremely high levels of collateral flow and FSS in pig and rabbit hind limbs. METHODS AND RESULTS A side-to-side anastomosis was created between ...

Stimulation of collateral artery growth in patients has been hitherto unsuccessful, despite promising experimental approaches. Circulating monocytes are involved in the growth of collateral arteries, a process also referred to as arteriogenesis. Patients show a large heterogeneity in their natural arteriogenic response on arterial obstruction. We hypothesized that circulating cell transcriptome...

BACKGROUND T lymphocytes, components of the immune and inflammatory systems, are involved in such normal processes as wound healing and host defense against infection and in such pathological processes as tumor growth and atherosclerotic plaque development. Angiogenesis is a mechanism common to each. Because CD4+ T lymphocytes are active in regulating humoral and cellular responses of the immun...

Background and objective: The circle of Willis (COW) supports adequate blood supply to the brain. The cardiovascular system, in the current study, is modeled using an equivalent electronic system focusing on the COW.Method: In our previous study we used 42 compartments to model whole car- diovascular system. In the current study, nevertheless, we extended our model by using 63 compartments to m...