Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most extensively consumed beverage in the world. It is grown throughout many regions of the world, including Central Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia produce about 45% of the world’s coffee. Colombia grows coffee on 2.3 million acres and supplies 10% of the world’s coffee demand. Colombian coffee is also recognized as h...

Two decades after that shift in the economic model, however, Colombia lags behind other Latin American countries in its internationalization process in several dimensions (Table 2). The impact of globalization on Colombia has been uneven. It has been particularly high in areas like security and energy, and low in areas such as economic development, politics and social issues. THE IMPACT OF GLOB...

The genus Grundulus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846 has three valid species from Andean coldwater lakes of northern South America in the northwestern Andes: G. bogotensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1833 from the Bogotá plateau (Magdalena basin of Colombia); G. cochae Román-Valencia, Paepke & Pantoja, 2003 from La Cocha lake, located in southern Colombia (Amazons Phylogen...

T husday, M ay 6, 2016 procedures), 3rd South Korea (440583 procedures), 4th Mexico (381207 procedures), 5th Japan (326398 procedures), 6th Germany (287262 procedures), 7th Colombia (252244 procedures), 8th France (233615 procedures). Considering underlying populations and distribution the adapted ranking changes substantially led by South Korea (1101,62 procedures per 100000 capita), followed ...

Juan J. Bravo-Suárez Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678 Bucaramanga, Colombia and Environmental Catalysis and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0211 Edgar A. Páez-Mozo Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis,...

The people of Colombia have experienced significant political instability and violence over the past century. While many factors have contributed to this situation—the drug trade, a protracted insurgent conflict, nationwide corruption—small-arms proliferation remains among the most serious of the country’s problems. Addressing the issue of small-arms trafficking in Colombia poses enormous chall...

1Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, 4Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Arg...

SPIN EFFECT ON THE RESONANT TUNNELING CHARACTERISTICS OF A DOUBLE-BARRIER HETEROSTRUCTURES UNDER LONGITUDINAL STRESSES H. Paredes Gutiérrez 1 , S. T. Pérez-Merchancano 2 and G. E. Marques 3 1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A. A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia 2 Departamento de Física, Universidad del Cauca, calle 5 4-70, Popayán, Colombia 3 Departamento de Física, Universid...

J. J. Mazo,1,2 F. Naranjo,1,2,3 and K. Segall4 1Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 3Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, USA...

Flatness-based linear output feedback control for disturbance rejection and tracking tasks on a Chua's circuit H. Sira-Ramírez a , A. Luviano-Juárez a b & J. Cortés-Romero a c a CINVESTAV-IPN Av. IPN No. 2508, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Sección de Mecatrónica b UPIITA-IPN Av. IPN No. 2580, Colonia Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, México, D.F c Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento...