The historical study of exemptions has focused on escape from protectionist policies designed to control and monitor Aboriginal people in Australia — restricting their freedom movement, intruding into family life, reducing ability participate equal terms the labour force. In this paper, we consider a contemporary policy income management which primarily restricts dispose personal targeted commu...

Abstract In January 1909, the students of Azhar, Islamic world’s most prestigious university, went on strike. Protesting recent curricular and administrative changes introduced by Egyptian Khedive, they demanded increased material support asserted university’s right to govern itself. After several weeks demonstrations that drew thousands supporters into streets Cairo, Khedive suspended reforms ...

A nonmucoid colonial variant of a mucoid Bacillus subtilis strain produced less amylase activity and a transparent colonial variant of a B. licheniformis strain produced less protease activity compared with their parents. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the colonial variants differed, and increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was correlated with increased production of extracell...

Vancomycin resistant enterococci are increasingly being isolated from inpatients. This report describes the colonial variation present in most isolates of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium obtained at this hospital. Colonial variants within the same culture were indistinguishable by antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, and ribotyping. Failure to appreciate this colonial ...

quasi-mystical conviction, shared with such friends as John Byrom, that God infused all matter. Hartley, it might be said, denied the immaterial aspects of man so that he could sacralize the material. Allen suggestively hints at parallels with George Cheyne: one wishes that they had been followed up more systematically. Allen analyses Hartley with skill and brio. Historically, I felt some trepi...

This paper provides a reassessment of historical debates about the nature of popular movements in and around the year 1000, with particular reference to the work of Richard Landes and Dominique Barthélemy. Heresy and heresy accusations do not feature in the classical historiography of millennialism in medieval Europe, including Norman Cohn’s Pursuit of the Millennium. Nor does the assertion tha...

While modern musicology has seen the frequent exploration of issues of historiography and canonicity, biography itself has largely eluded critical investigation until much more recently. The discipline has lately challenged the aesthetic of musical canon, for many decades a largely uncontested phenomenon, as well as that of the Great Composer. Recent scholarship has similarly addressed the matt...

In Rebels, Reds, Radicals, Ian McKay offers us a reconceptualization of Canada’s left history. Those looking for a blow by blow account of the development of socialism in Canada might possibly be disappointed by this book. More historiography than history, it attempts to provide an alternative approach to understanding left history in Canada. Only the final chapter offers a more conventional hi...

This article uses the only surviving working diary of an English female Poor Law guardian in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to explore two interrelated bodies of historiography. First, it engages with an historiography of the New Poor Law which has by and large seen the late nineteenth century as a period of atrophication. Second, it engages with a literature on female Poor L...