Interleukin (IL) 17-secreting CD4(+) helper T cells (Th17 cells) are essential for host defense at mucosal surfaces, and Th17 cell dysregulation can result in autoimmunity. Exposure to microbial products, such as bacterial LPS, can affect the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to polarize Th17 cells. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) is a mammalian enzyme expressed by antigen (Ag)-presenting cells tha...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Compounds of Cannabis sativa are known to exert anti-inflammatory properties, some of them without inducing psychotropic side effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is such a side effect-free phytocannabinoid that improves chemically induced colitis in rodents when given intraperitoneally. Here, we tested the possibility whether rectal and oral application of CBD would also ameliorate colon...

Limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms associated with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) induced food-borne diarrheal illnesses. In this study, we investigated the function of TLR/NF-kappaB signaling in C. jejuni induced pathogenesis using gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-); NF-kappaB(EGFP) mice. In vitro analysis showed that C. jejuni induced IkappaB phosphorylation, followed by enhan...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Placement of a tube through the anus into the cecum has not yet been established as a method of administering whole-colonic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and value of transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) through the colon. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was ...

Background: The appropriate expression of specific neurotransmitter receptors within the cellular networks which compose the enteric nervous system (ENS) is central to the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) functions. Whilst the ENS expression patterns of the neurotransmitter glutamate have been well documented, the localisation of its receptors on ENS neurons remains to be fully characterised...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of maternal remote ischemic preconditioning (IPCr) in the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS Newborn Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control Group (CG), Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Group (HRG) and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Group (IPCrG). Hypoxia and reoxygenation was performed 2x per day, with an inter...

The aim of this study was to develop the polymer coated diclofenac tablet containing superdisintegrant for colonic drug delivery and compare the in vivo performance of two polymers for site specificity. Eudragit FS 3D and Eudragit S100 were used as pH sensitive polymers. Tablets were prepared to give fast release at specific site with the help of sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrant. Ta...

Large-bowel fermentation of resistant starch produces SCFA that are believed to be important in maintaining visceral function. High-amylose maize starch (HAMS) and acylated starches are sources of resistant starch and are an effective means of increasing colonic SCFA. Cooking increases digestibility of starches but its effects on the capacity of these starches to raise large-bowel SCFA are unkn...

Carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) with a degree of substitution 0.8 was synthesised from waste and cross-linked chitosan to form hydrogel by electron beam (EB) irradiation. Diclofenac sodium loaded into 40% CMSP/3% solution mixture irradiated at 25 kGy. The exhibited pH temperature-sensitive swelling behaviour. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning microscope, X-ray diff...

introduction: functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms which could affect patients’ quality of life. the colonic transit time test could be used for determining functional constipation subtypes. the aim of our study was to determine the abnormalities of the subtypes of functional constipation using ctt. methods and materials: this cross-sectional study was per...