The effects of exercise on cognitive processes have been mainly approached, in recent years, through the study of reaction time tasks (Delignières, Brisswalter & Legros, 1994; Legros, Delignières, Durand & Brisswalter, 1992; Paas & Adam, 1991). These studies have shown that exercise led to a decrement of simple reaction time, but to an enhancement of choice reaction time, especially with collec...

Combat simulations have served as an alternative framework to study the cardiorespiratory demands of the activity in combat sports, but this setting imposes rule-restrictions that may compromise the competitiveness of the bouts. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to a full-contact taekwondo combat simulation using a safe and externally valid competitive setting....

Being at a high level of sports form, some athletes who specialize in Martial Arts cannot cope with negative emotions, which leads to decrease their athletic performance. In the competitive and post-competitive periods there are sharp emotional shifts, so most Arts, particular Sambo wrestling (sports combat sections) unable normalize condition, psychologist, as well coach – must support athlete...

Increased Achilles (AT) and Patellar tendon (PT) thickness in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes could be shown. However, it is unclear, if changes are of pathological or physiological origin due to training. The aim of this study was to determine physiological AT and PT thickness adaptation in adolescent elite athletes compared to non-athletes, considering sex and sport. In a longitu...

The use of drugs and ergogenic substances to augment athletic performance, commonly referred to as doping, has evolved along with sporting events. Ancient Olympic athletes consumed mushrooms, plants, and herbs in an attempt to gain a competitive edge. The modern Olympic Games made their debut in 1896, and mixtures of cocaine, ephedrine, and strychnine were used to enhance performance. Anabolic ...

Given the climatic changes around the world and the growing outdoor sports participation, existing guidelines and recommendations for exercising in naturally challenging environments such as heat, cold or altitude, exhibit potential shortcomings. Continuous efforts from sport sciences and exercise physiology communities aim at minimizing the risks of environmental-related illnesses during outdo...

The colour of sportswear has been shown to influence the outcome of bouts for several different combat sports. The generality of these effects, and whether they extend to collaborative forms of contests (team sports), is uncertain. Since 1947, English football teams wearing red shirts have been champions more often than expected on the basis of the proportion of clubs playing in red. To investi...