Waste consolidation is a crucial step in the development of cost-effective, nation-wide material reclamation networks. This thesis project investigates typical and conformational tendencies of a hypothetical end-of-life electronics recycling system based in the United States. Optimal waste processor configurations, along with cost drivers and sensitivities are identified using a simple reverse ...

BACKGROUND Awareness and usage of electronic cigarettes has exponentially increased during the last few years, especially among young people and women in some countries. The rapid acceptance of electronic cigarettes may be attributed in part to the perception created by marketing and the popular press that they are safer than combustible cigarettes. GOALS To alert and advise policy makers abo...

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which multiple tobacco product use among adolescents and young adults falls outside current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority. METHODS We conducted a web-based survey of 1596 16-26-year-olds to assess use of 11 types of tobacco products. We ascertained current (past 30 days) tobacco product use among 927 respondents who ever used tobacco...

BACKGROUND There has been little research examining whether e-cigarette use increases the risk of cigarette initiation among adolescents in the transition to adulthood when the sale of cigarettes becomes legal. METHODS The Children's Health Study is a prospectively followed cohort in Southern California. Data on e-cigarette use were collected in 11th and 12th grade (mean age = 17.4); follow-u...

The objective of the paper is modeling of material softening after the deformation. The main problem of almost every model with digital material representation is consideration of recrystallization as the only mechanism of material softening. Static recovery is introduced into the model based on frontal cellular automata. An influence of static recovery on softening process is twofold. Static r...

le but etait de realiser un four pour pouvoir consommer, comme combustible, les debris du coke metallurgique de la siderurgie d'isphahan. ainsi, deux fours ont ete construits; l'un pour chauggage domestigue et l'autre, permettant d'atteindre une temperature plus elevee, pour les unites industrielles