Octopus cells, located in the mammalian auditory brainstem, receive their excitatory synaptic input exclusively from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). They respond with accurately timed spikes but are broadly tuned for sound frequency. Since the representation of information in the auditory nerve is well understood, it is possible to pose a number of questions about the relationship between the int...

The silver-cheeked toadfish ( Lagocephalus sceleratus , from the pufferfish family Tetraodontidae) and Pacific red lionfish Pterois miles Scorpaenidae) have recently invaded Mediterranean Sea. has spread throughout this entire sea with highest concentrations in eastern basin, while more recently, Eastern to Central Their effects on local biodiversity fisheries are cause for management concern. ...

The octopus sucker represents a fascinating natural system performing adhesion on different terrains and substrates. Octopuses use suckers to anchor the body to the substrate or to grasp, investigate and manipulate objects, just to mention a few of their functions. Our study focuses on the morphology and adhesion mechanism of suckers in Octopus vulgaris. We use three different techniques (MRI, ...

References [1] D. Trivedi, C. D. Rahn, W. M. Kier and I. D. Walker, “Soft robotics: Biological inspiration, state of the art, and future research,” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, vol. 5 (3), 2008, pp 99-117. [2] G. Sumbre, Y. Gutfreund, G. Fiorito, T. Flash and B. Hochner, “Control of Octopus Arm Extension by a Peripheral Motor Program,” Science, vol. 293, 2001, pp 1845–1848. [3] Y. Yekutiel...

Acoustic information in auditory nerve discharges is integrated in the cochlear nuclei, and ascends through several parallel pathways to higher centers. Octopus cells of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus form a pathway known to carry information in the timing of action potentials. Octopus cells have dendrites oriented to receive converging input from many auditory nerve fibers. In all 34 intr...

Managing micro-tasks on crowdsourcing marketplaces involves balancing conƒicting objectives – the quality of work, total cost incurred and time to completion. We present Octopus, the €rst AI agent that jointly manages all three objectives, as a €rst step towards this goal. Previous agents have focused on cost-quality, or cost-time tradeo‚s, limiting their real-world applicability. Octopus is ba...