Self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), communication apprehension (CA) and Willingness to communicate (WTC) are all well-researched constructs in language learning contexts. This research is an initiative to understand effects of SPCC and CA on WTC of Pakistani university students. Focusing on theoretical model in communication research by McCroskey and his colleagues, the current stud...

OBJECTIVES The number of children in care of the state continues to grow in BC, Canada with a historical legacy of child apprehension among criminalized and marginalized populations, particularly women of Aboriginal ancestry and sex workers. However, there is a paucity of research investigating child apprehension experiences among marginalized mothers. The objective of the current analysis is t...

INTRODUCTION Anterior shoulder apprehension is a commonly reported complaint in anterior shoulder instability, which may lead to patient morbidity and impede shoulder function. It is the result of a cognitively complex mechanism, which includes anxiety, salience, fear, and anticipation. PURPOSE The aim of this prospective case-control study was to correlate five clinically established scores ...

Willingness to communicate (WTC) plays a central role in learning a second/foreign language. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of doing problem-solving task on learners’ WTC in English. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 61 pre-intermediate learners were chosen by means of administrating a placement test. Learners were pretested through three scales of WTC and its two ...

Introduction This paper describes a year-long study of computer-mediated communication (CMC) tool use by high school students. The purpose of this study is to explore a range of variables related to characteristics of students in order to form a better understanding of how to construct learning environments where CMC tool use is an integral part of daily activity. Student characteristics are ex...

OBJECTIVE First, to investigate the intertester reliability of clinical shoulder instability and laxity tests, and second, to describe the mutual dependency of each test evaluated by each tester for identifying self-reported shoulder instability and laxity. METHODS A standardised protocol for conducting reliability studies was used to test the intertester reliability of the six clinical shoul...

Research has recently identified a promising neurophysiological marker of approach motivation involving posterior versus frontal (Pz - Fz) electroencephalographic (EEG) theta activity PFTA; Wacker, Chavanon, & Stemmler (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91:171-187, 2006). Preliminary evidence indicated that PFTA is modulated by dopaminergic activity, thought to underlie appetitive te...