It has been shown, for non-Communist developed and developing countries, that earlier development of agriculture, a dense population, and a state-level polity is associated with a higher income and more rapid economic growth in the late 20 Century. We investigate whether this was also the case for countries under Communism and for the same countries in transition to a market economy. Our findin...

In this paper, we present a novel Kalman filter approach to combine a hydrodynamic model-derived lowest astronomical tide (LAT) surface with tide gauge record-derived LAT values. In the approach, tidal water levels are assimilated into the model. As such, the combination is guided by the model physics. When validating the obtained “Kalman-filtered LAT realization” at all tide gauges, we obtaine...

In this paper, we present a novel Kalman filter approach to combine a hydrodynamic model-derived lowest astronomical tide (LAT) surface with tide gauge record-derived LAT values. In the approach, tidal water levels are assimilated into the model. As such, the combination is guided by the model physics. When validating the obtained “Kalman-filtered LAT realization” at all tide gauges, we obtaine...

Blue tides at the head of Tokyo Bay are a hydro-environmental phenomenon where seawater appears to be milky blue because of the reflection of the sunlight off surface water containing large amounts of sulphur particles. Its appearance is due to the coastal upwelling of bottom oxygen-depleted water induced by northeasterly wind-driven circulation. Blue tides cause the death of many shellfish and...

The in vivo response of adult northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria, to Aureococcus anophagefferens (brown tide) at the level of the gill was determined using video-endoscopy. Feeding activity, particle-approach velocities, and ventral-groove-transport velocities were documented after the quahogs were exposed to Isochryis galbana (baseline observations) supplemented with either toxic or nonto...

At Boundary Bay, British Columbia, Canada, Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) captured 94 Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in 652 hunts. The two main hunting methods were open attacks on flying Dunlins (62%) and stealth attacks on roosting or foraging Dunlins (35%). Peregrines hunted throughout the day, yet the kill rate per observation hour dropped 1-2 hr before high tide and peaked 1-2 hr after hi...

In their 2014 article in the British Journal of Political Science, Eleanor Neff Powell and Joshua A. Tucker examine the determinants of party system volatility in post-communist Europe. Their central conclusion is that replacement volatility – volatility caused by new party entry and old party exit – is driven by long-term economic performance. This article shows that this conclusion is based e...

Special psychiatric services for the elderly now exist, some very well developed, in about half of all health districts, and over one tenth of all consultants in general psychiatry specialise in work with the elderly.' This development has taken place largely over the past decade, reflecting both progress in psychiatry and growing concern about how to cope with The Rising Tide2 of mental disord...

Seyla Benhabib (ed.): Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1996, 373 pp., hardback 535.00, paperback $16.95. Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson: Democracy and Disagreement, Cambridge, Mass. and London, The Belknap Press, 1996, 422pp., hardback S18.50. James G. March and Johan P. Olsen: Democratic Governance, New York, Free...