in this study, an image backlight compensation method using adaptive luminance modification is proposed for efficiently obtaining clear images.the proposed method combines the fuzzy c-means clustering method, a recurrent functional neural fuzzy network (rfnfn), and a modified differential evolution.the proposed rfnfn is based on the two backlight factors that can accurately detect the compensat...

When errors are present in the perceived depth between the parts of a physically stationary object, the object appears to rotate as the head is moved laterally (Gogel, 1980). This illusory rotation has been attributed either to compensation (Wallach, 1985, 1987) or to inferential-like processes (Rock, 1983). Alternatively, the perceived distances of and directions to the parts of the object are...

Intensities of fluorescent images captured by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) from deep layers of a specimen are often darker than images from the top most layers due to absorption and scattering of both excitation and fluorescent light. These effects cause problems in subsequent analysis of biological objects. Methods [e.g. 1, 2] used for solution of this problem are generally base...

1 The PETM represents one of the largest and most abrupt greenhouse warming events in Earth’s history. Marine and terrestrial records document a global >2.5‰ negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE; refs 1–3) coincident with global mean surface ocean warming of >4 °C (ref. 4) and geochemical and sedimentological evidence for ocean acidification5,6. Collectively, these lines of evidence suggest a...

The Atlantic is the only ocean basin almost entirely surrounded by passive margins, and a major global long-term sink of carbonate carbon that has evaded subduction. Quantifying history accumulation in been limited absence well-defined regional compensation depth (CCD) models. We determine CCD for northern North Atlantic, central South use these reconstructions to compute mass flux tectonic fra...

Convergence, accommodation and pupil diameter were measured simultaneously while subjects were watching 3D images. The subjects were middle-aged and had weak hyperopia. WAM-5500 and EMR-9 were combined to make an original apparatus for the measurements. It was confirmed that accommodation and pupil diameter changed synchronously with convergence. These findings suggest that with naked vision th...

Adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss tagged with archival transmitters primarily migrated through a large river corridor at depths >2 m interspersed with frequent but short (<5 min) periods closer to the surface. The recorded swimming depths and behaviours probably provided adequate hydrostatic compensation for the supersaturated dissolved gas conditions encountered and probably limited developm...

Introduction This detailed section contains an in-depth explanation of the numerous PWM functions, and how to maximize their usefulness. It covers a multitude of practical circuit design considerations, such as slope compensation, gate drive circuitry, external control functions, synchronization, and paralleling current mode controlled modules. Circuit diagrams and simplified equations for the ...