To better understand the complex relationship between academic researchers and funding agencies, the author interviewed 15 academic researchers regarding their views, suggestions, and difficulties in coordinating the proposal process. Data suggest that academic research funding is highly rhetorical, and that successful researchers have well-developed managerial, organizational, and communicatio...

The paper presents a problem resolved from social Modeling associated with the adequate selection of clothes and their distribution in a Dresser using a range of 87 clothes with different features associated with a fashion collection to represent the symbolic capital of it. A case of study is presented regarding to the selection of 47 different possible combinations using data obtained from the...

the concept of value creation is gaining momentum in iran under the open regime. iranian companies are geared to understand and act upon the concept of shareholder value to stay competitive in this unfathomable and volatile environment. most executives today understand that, the need to create shareholder value is paramount and the world’s most competitive management teams are responding to the...

the use of more competitive species and cultivars in small grain cereal production may help to develop production systems that require less herbicide. this study was designed to identify root and shoot characteristics of cereal seedlings that would allow distinguishing the more competitive (mc) cultivars from the less competitive (lc) ones. two growth cabinet trials were conducted using four cr...

We show that firms with more short-term institutional investors have better long-term performance in dynamic economic environments. Following exogenous increases in competitive pressure due to large cuts of import tariff rates, firms with more shortterm investors achieve higher growth rates of sales and employees in comparison to other firms in the industries affected by the tariff cuts. To do ...

The concept of Value Creation is gaining momentum in Iran under the open regime. Iranian Companies are geared to understand and act upon the concept of Shareholder Value to stay competitive in this unfathomable and volatile environment. Most executives today understand that, the need to create shareholder value is paramount and the world’s most competitive management teams are responding to the...

Our infrastructure touches the day-to-day life of each of our fellow citizens, and its capabilities, integrity and sustainability are crucial to the overall competitiveness and prosperity of our country. Unfortunately, the current state of U.S. infrastructure is not good: the American Society of Civil Engineers’ latest report on America’s infrastructure ranked it at a D+ — in need of $3.9 trill...

The effect of different kinds of weight normalization on the outcome of a simple competitive learning rule is analysed. It is shown that there are important differences in the representation formed depending on whether the constraint is enforced by dividing each weight by the same amount (“divisive enforcement”), or subtracting a fixed amount from each weight (“subtractive enforcement”). For th...

This paper studies the following online replacement problem. There is a real function f(t), called the ow rate, deened over a nite time horizon 0; T]. It is known that m f(t) M for some reals 0 m < M. At time 0 an online player starts to pay money at the rate f(0). At each time 0 < t T the player may changeover and continue paying money at the rate f(t). The complication is that each such chang...

We describe a multi-network, or modular, connectionist architecture that captures that fact that many tasks have structure at a level of granularity intermediate to that assumed by local and global function approximation schemes. The main innovation of the architecture is that it combines associative and competitive learning in order to learn task decompositions. A task decomposition is discove...