Accurate methods of reconstructing historical tree diameters from increment cores are important because diameter is used in allometric equations to predict stand characteristics and to study stand dynamics. The conventional reconstruction method assumes that the pith is in the centre of the stem. This is often incorrect, as evidenced by a pith increment index quantifying the deviation between t...

Introduction: The steel industry is known as the most important consumer of energy and fuel. In doing so, ensuring safety of energy sources of a country needs to expect the risks analysis in order to select a comprehensive approach. This study aimed to identify the energy consumption and control measures available in the Hot Rolling Kavir Steel Complex and to conduct risk assessment by Energy...

Background: Gas refining is a process in which workers are exposed to different chemicals. This study aimed to assess the health risks caused by exposure to these substances in order to determine hazardous jobs and to present controlling methods. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the workers at gas refinery in 2015. The sample included all the staff in operat...

The higher life quality standards, the changes of habits and new well-being requirements have led to an increase in the demand for housing. Decision-making problems in construction management often involve a complex decisionmaking process in which multiple requirements and conditions have to be taken into consideration simultaneously. However, not every attribute used in multidimensional scalin...

Climate change is affecting every aspect of human activities, especially the agriculture. In China, extreme drought events caused by climate change have posed a great threat to food safety. In this work we aimed to study the drought risk of maize in the farming–pastoral ecotone in Northern China based on physical vulnerability assessment. The physical vulnerability curve was constructed from th...

The rate of transition of young adults from living with parents or renting to homeownership affects the national homeownership rate. There are substantial racial and ethnic differences in the length of time that it takes for this transition to occur, contributing to the well-known racial gaps in ownership rates. These differences are important because they affect the length of time that househo...

Aiming to determine the quantitative sapling characteristics that are important for nursing methods, present study was carried out on 2-year-old naked root Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) saplings obtained from four different seed origins Denizli Forest Sapling Nursery Directorate. In this study, selection of these examined using multicriteria decisi...