The classical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) vector model is known to be very effective and useful in teaching basic NMR 1D pulse sequences such as spin echo. For more complicated spin systems, density matrix calculation is often used. This method is known to be very complicated and not easy to follow after couple steps. Students usually get lost within the calculation and loose the physical ...

In order to complete the various tasks in advanced space missions, such as communication, navigation, and remote sensing, single complicated spacecraft many distributed systems have been launched into orbit [...]

in recent years, significant research efforts have been devoted to the optimal planning of power systems. substation expansion planning (sep) as a sub-system of power system planning consists of finding the most economical solution with the optimal location and size of future substations and/or feeders to meet the future demand. the large number of design variables, and combination of discrete ...

railway service terminals are the places of a railway network usually equipped with costly technology based on highly complicated technological procedures demanding a high degree of coordination and control skills. design of these systems and the organization of their operation should facilitate reaching to the required capacity together with high quality of service processes as well as minimal...

Nowadays, there is a great deal of attention for regulations of carbon emissions to enforce the decision-makers of production and distribution networks to redesign their systems satisfactorily. The literature has seen a rapid interest in developing novel metaheuristics to solve this problem as a complicated optimization problem. Such difficulties motivate us to address a production-distribution...

Climate change is a complicated issue with many factors playing role in its formation and distribution. Considering this complication, a comprehensive and holistic approach is needed for a better understanding and management of those factors. The causal frameworks are among systemic and integrated methods for addressing the causes of environmental problems and the relationships that exist betwe...