BACKGROUND The hypothesis of the present study was that molecular mechanisms differ markedly when mediating ischemic preconditioning induced by repetitive episodes of ischemia versus classic first- or second-window preconditioning. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this, chronically instrumented conscious pigs were subjected to either repetitive coronary stenosis (RCS) or a traditional protocol of ...

Chronic muscle pain of the neck, shoulder and low back is quite common and often related to a stressed condition. In this study we tried to make a model of long-lasting muscle mechanical hyperalgesia based on one type of stress, repeated cold stress (RCS) (Kita T, Hata T, Yoneda R, Okage T. Stress state caused by alternation of rhythm in environmental temperature, and the functional disorders i...

Six mature Holstein cows in late lactation and fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal and ideal cannulae were used in a double 3 X 3 Latin-square design to study the effect of roasting or extruding of cottonseed on protein degradation in the rumen and availability of amino acids in the small intestine. Raw whole cottonseed (CS), extruded whole cottonseed (ECS), and roasted whole cottonseed (RC...

Respiratory chain complexes assemble into functional quaternary structures called supercomplexes (RCS) within the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, or cristae. Here, we investigate the relationship between respiratory function and mitochondrial ultrastructure and provide evidence that cristae shape determines the assembly and stability of RCS and hence mitochondrial respiratory efficie...

utilization of the new compatibilizers to improve matrix/filler interface adhesion and also, nanoparticles to improve the properties of wpc products have always been of interest to researchers. in this study, the effect of oxidized polypropylene in solution phase as a comptibilizer and nanoclay particles on the physical and mechanical properties of wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composite ...

Combination of grammatical roles in relative clauses (RC) is determined by a multitude of factors (Fox and Thompson 1990, Pu 2007, Ming and Chen 2009). This study shows that four factors (discourse functions of RCs, grounding mechanism, information status, and animacy of head nouns) interact with one another to determine which combination is favored in a Chinese discourse. 1. Introduction The p...

We present a simple and convenient method for creating fluid supported bilayers which contain oriented and functional photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). The supported bilayers are prepared by fusion of proteoliposomes with a glass surface. The proteoliposomes are prepared by spontaneous insertion of RCs into preformed small, unilamellar vesicles. The RCs in these vesicles are shown to be or...

BACKGROUND Health research capacity strengthening (RCS) projects are often complex and hard to evaluate. In order to inform health RCS evaluation efforts, we aimed to describe and compare key characteristics of existing health RCS evaluation frameworks: their process of development, purpose, target users, structure, content and coverage of important evaluation issues. A secondary objective was ...

Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal Long-Evans (LE) and dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats were incubated with P-orthophosphate and then phagocytically challenged with isolated rod outer segments (ROS) or polystyrene latex spheres (PSL). The P incorporation into individual proteins was quantified by image analysis of two-dimensional gel autoradiograms, and chan...

Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal Long-Evans (LE) and dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats were incubated with 32P-orthophosphate and then phagocytically challenged with isolated rod outer segments (ROS) or polystyrene latex spheres (PSL). The 32P incorporation into individual proteins was quantified by image analysis of two-dimensional gel autoradiograms, and ...