The human visual system can spot an abnormal image, and reason about what makes it strange. This task has not received enough attention in computer vision. In this paper we study various types of atypicalities in images in a more comprehensive way than has been done before. We propose a new dataset of abnormal images showing a wide range of atypicalities. We design human subject experiments to ...

In this article, we investigate aspects of sentential meaning that are not expressed in local predicate–argument structures. In particular, we examine instances of semantic arguments that are only inferable from discourse context. The goal of this work is to automatically acquire and process such instances, which we also refer to as implicit arguments, to improve computational models of languag...

Abstract. Psychological experiments on syllogistic reasoning have shown that participants did not always deduce the classical logically valid conclusions. In particular, the results show that they had di culties to reason with syllogistic statements that contradicted their own beliefs. This paper discusses syllogisms in human reasoning and proposes a formalization under the weak completion sema...

In addition to factual content, many texts contain an emotional dimension. This emotive, or affect, dimension has not received much attention in computational linguistics until recently. But now that messages (including spam) have become more prevalent than edited texts (such as newswire), recognizing this dimension is becoming more important. One resource needed for identifying affect in text ...

Trust is a construct of paramount importance in society. Accordingly, computational trust is evolving fast in order to allow trust in artificial societies. Despite the advances in this research field, most computational trust approaches evaluate trust by estimating the trustworthiness of the agents under evaluation (the trustees), without however distinguishing between the different dimensions ...

The human visual system possesses a remarkable ability to detect and identify faces even under degraded viewing conditions. The fundamental challenge in understanding this ability lies in determining which facial attributes the visual system uses for these tasks. Here we describe experiments designed to probe the limits of these abilities and determine the relative contributions of internal ver...

Recent studies show that visual search often involves a combination of both parallel and serial search strategies. Consequently, computational models and theoretical accounts of visual search processing have evolved from traditional parallel or serial descriptions to a continuum from “efficient” to “inefficient.” In our first experiments (1a & 1b), we demonstrate with various conditions that se...

In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes use of a memory, a perception module, and the concept of ’learning drive’. Learning takes place ...

We consider steering of Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems from two sources, firstly from dynamic data and secondly via human intervention to change parameters of the system. We propose an architecture for such hybrid steering and identify a Time Manager as an essential component. We perform experiments on an actual realisation of such a system, modelling a water distribution network, to s...

Many social judgments hinge on assigning responsibility to individuals for their role in a group’s success or failure. Often the group’s success depends on every team member acting in a rational way. When someone does not conform to what others expect of them, cooperation breaks down. We present a computational model of responsibility judgments for individuals in a cooperative setting. We test ...