To deal with severe drought when water supply is insufficient hedging rule, based on hedging rule curve, is proposed. In general, in discrete hedging rules, the rationing factors have changed from a zone to another zone at once. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to improve the conventional hedging rule to control the changes of rationing factors. In this regard, the simulation model has emp...

There are many methods introduced to solve the credit scoring problem such as support vector machines, neural networks and rule based classifiers. Rule bases are more favourite in credit decision making because of their ability to explicitly distinguish between good and bad applicants.In this paper multi-objective particle swarm is applied to optimize fuzzy apriori rule base in credit scoring. ...

We investigate whether banks use loan loss provisions to smooth income and this behaviour is influenced by foreign bank presence, ownership institutional quality differences across African countries. examine 370 from 21 countries 2002 2021. find evidence that LLPs their when they are more profitable during economic boom or recession. Income smoothing persistent (i) among with a widely dispersed...

The problem of identifying a probabilistic context free grammar has two aspects: the first is determining grammar's topology (the rules grammar) and second estimating weights for each rule. Given hardness results learning context-free grammars in general, particular, most literature concentrated on problem. In this work we address We restrict attention to structurally unambiguous weighted (SUWC...

We argue that a reinvention of the plebeian tribunate should play key role in addressing challenges stemming from increasing concentrations of, and inequalities in, social, political, economic, cultural power liberal democracies. Addressing these challenges, which negatively affect parliamentary representation, requires form institutional innovation gives voice to non-elites who are ruled but d...

Effectively monitoring the size of a city in real time enables scientific planning urban development. Models that utilize distribution and variations generally use population data as inputs, which cannot be obtained timely rapid manner. However, night-time light (NTL) remote sensing may an alternative method. A case study was carried out on Yangtze River Delta (YRD) China, rank–size rule, law p...

fuzzy newton-cotes method for integration of fuzzy functions that was proposed by ahmady in [1]. in this paper we construct error estimate of fuzzy newton-cotes method such as fuzzy trapezoidal rule and fuzzy simpson rule by using taylor's series. the corresponding error terms are proven by two theorems. we prove that the fuzzy trapezoidal rule is accurate for fuzzy polynomial of degree one and...

Let M be the transition matrix, and the initial state distribution , for a discrete-time nite-state irreducible Markov chain. A stopping rule for M is an algorithm which observes the progress of the chain and then stops it at some random time ?; the distribution of the nal state is denoted by ?. We give a useful characterization for stopping rules which are optimal for given target distribution...

we investigated the distribution of asbestos containing materials(acms) in korea for 15 school buildings built before and after 1990, including elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. in order to perform risk assessments of samples gathered from the buildings, the study used four different rules as the criteria: results from the ahera rule, the hse rule and the astm rule on acms we...