The first part of the article offers an historical overview of metaphors, starting from Aristotle and the classical definition of metaphor. Chomsky's contribution to cognitive psychology is also mentioned together with Rosch’s and Kay and McDaniel’s research concerning categorization. The end of the first part contains new theories of metaphor, thus establishing the link to the second part, whi...

This paper describes a suite of tools for extracting conventionalized metaphors in English, Spanish, Farsi, and Russian. The method depends on three significant resources for each language: a corpus of conventionalized metaphors, a table of conventionalized conceptual metaphors (CCM table), and a set of extraction rules. Conventionalized metaphors are things like escape from poverty and burden ...

gilles fauconnier and mark turner have considered the issue of conceptual metaphor as a special case of more general and comprehensive matter. this vast matter is the analysis of mind system mechanism when it exposes to conceptual domains. to describe such a process, fauconnier and turner use the term of mental or conceptual space. they believe that in order to understand much of human thought ...

Abstract Four perspectives on numerical origins are examined. The nativist model sees numbers as an aspect of numerosity, the biologically endowed ability to appreciate quantity that humans share with other species. linguistic a function language. embodied conceptual metaphors informed by physical experience and expressed in Finally, extended outcomes cognitive system includes material forms co...

This paper deals with the cognitive study of conceptual field English language aphorism. The methodology analysis textual concepts has been proposed and applied for means verbalization concept WISDOM in aphorisms. Based on application English-language aphorisms, it can be stated that following constituents: 1) conceptual, scope which is much wider than reflected dictionaries: «wisdom possession...

The neural mechanisms underlying the processing of conventional and novel conceptual metaphorical sentences were examined with event-related potentials (ERPs). Conventional metaphors were created based on the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor and were operationally defined as familiar and readily interpretable. Novel metaphors were unfamiliar and harder to interpret. Using a sensicality judgment ...

This paper surveys some of the important trends of the research on metaphor comprehension in the cognitive science area. We examine the semantic theories of the metaphor, some pros and (mostly) cons of the very challenged error-recovery model of metaphor comprehension. We present Lakoo's view that metaphors are conceptual rather than linguistic phenomena; we discuss how theories of other tropes...

There are contradictory ideas concerning the function of metaphors in discourse. Cognitive linguists claim that metaphors are constitutive of reasoning, e.g. Lakoff (1986; 1987). In contrast, anthropologists claim that metaphors are not especially prominent in everyday discourse, e.g. Quinn (1991). This article is an attempt to reconcile the conflicting positions. Instead of the contemporary st...