To investigate carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic properties, copper ore (Kinkaseki) and flue dust collected from a metal refinery and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) were administered into the lung of male Wistar-King rats by an intratracheal instillation method. No squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was found among the rats given three arsenical substances, while adenoma or adenocarcinoma was observed....

Intelligent production planning and scheduling are of paramount importance to ensure refinery profitability, logistic reliability and safety at the local and corporate levels. In Brazil, such activities play a particularly critical role, since the Brazilian downstream model is moving towards a demand-driven model rather than a supply-driven one. Moreover, new and specialized non-linear constrai...

A mathematical model for commercial naphtha catalytic reformer of Tehran refinery was developed. This model includes three sequencing fixed beds of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst at the steady state condition using detailed kinetic scheme involving 26 pseudo-components connected by a network of 47 reactions, in the range of C6 to C9 hydrocarbons. The reaction network consisted dehydrogenation, hydrogenation...

With the emergence of distributed systems, the problem of task scheduling has been arousing attention in recent past. Task scheduling is a NP-complete problem and it is more complicated under the distributed heterogeneous computing environment. To harness the potential of these systems, efficient scheduling algorithms are needed. This paper proposes a new distributed scheduling algorithm for in...

Optimizing scheduling is an effective way to improve the profit of refineries; it usually requires accurate models to describe the complex and nonlinear refining processes. However, conventional nonlinear models will result in a complex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem for scheduling. This paper presents a piecewise linear (PWL) modeling approach, which can describe global no...

In this paper we present the prototype omVR, which is a Virtual Reality based safety training system for a petrol refinery. It provides an improved technique for personnel safety training and it allows users to navigate through the refinery scenes and to interact with the environment. omVR is the implementation of a training environment that immerses the user into a computer-generated reality, ...

background: radon, an invisible, odorless, heaviest (nine times heavier than air) and radioactive gas is an aberration (the only gas in the long decay chain of heavy metal elements). it is ubiquitously present in dwellings and in the environment. humans receive the greatest radiation dose in their homes. that's where they spend most time - typically 70%, more for small children. recent wor...

Crude oil and condensate refineries generate a large amount of wastewater that has both process and non-process origins. Depending on the type of crude oil, composition of condensate and treatment processes, the characteristics of refinery wastewater vary according to a complex pattern. The design and operation of modern refinery wastewater treatment plants are challenging and are essentially t...

Background. Thirty refineries operate within Japan with a total crude processing capacity of about 4.8 million bpd. Capacity and total product demand is closely balanced. Almost all refined products are sold to the domestic market, although Japanese refineries occasionally import and export products between other Asian countries. The Japanese petroleum businesses, once protected, faced tough co...

Cryogenic air separation technology has been successfully employed for many years to supply oxygen for the gasification of a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstocks to generate synthesis gas for the production of fuels, chemicals and other valuable products. Examples include the conversion of liquid and solid refinery waste streams into hydrogen for use within the refinery Ž . along with the copro...