To evaluate the closed versus open reduction of condylar fracture. This review was to evaluate the main variable that determine the choice of method for treatment of condylar fracture: open or closed, pointing out their indications, contra-indications, advantage and disadvantage. The treatment of condylar process fracture has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy in oral and maxi...

The posterior condylar canal is located posterior to the occipital condyle and transmits the posterior condylar vein, one of the largest emissary veins in the retromastoid region.[1,6] This vein usually origins from superior bulb of the internal jugular vein or less frequently from the medial side of the distal portion of the sigmoid sinus and connect to the suboccipital venous plexus.[5,9] We ...

The purpose of this study was to research the possible influence of difference in construction of mechanical joint in arcon and nonarcon articulators, upon the adjustment of condylar inclination by intraoral protrusive record. The determination of condylar inclination by protrusive record in two types of articulators was performed on 30 examinees, and the adjustment of condylar inclination in e...

Condylar hyperplasia is a developmental disorder of mandible characterised by accelerated growth of condylar head of mandible either unilateral or bilateral. Rate of abnormal growth of the condyle determines the severity of facial asymmetry causing distress and rarely pain. It has a multifactorial etiology with increased prevalence in females. Two basic growth vectors occur with CH: horizontal ...

a extraoral methods. To emphasize extracorporeal reduction of fractured condylar segments, Park et al.'s article 1 addresses whether the fractured segment is attached to the surrounding soft tissue. Thus, a conventional approach would be better to be corrected for its accurate terminology. In a position paper from the IBRA Symposium on Surgery of the Head–the 2nd International Symposium on Cond...

The treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high incidence of recurrence .The only treatment option for TMJ ankylosis is surgical with or without condylar reconstruction. Various grafts are available for condylar reconstruction after removing the ankylotic mass such as costochondral, sternoclavicular, posterior border of mandibular ramus, fibu...

Although dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) occur in any structure that is covered by the dura mater, DAVFs at the posterior condylar canal have not been reported. We present a DAVF that involves the posterior condylar canal and drains into the posterior condylar vein and the occipital sinus, which was treated by selective transvenous embolization. Knowledge of venous anatomy of the craniocer...

The incidence of condylar fractures is high and the condylar fractures can be seen different types. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), conventional radiographic techniques such as orthopantomography (OPG) can be used in diagnosis of the fracture. CBCT is relatively a new imaging modality and uses commonly in dental implantology. In our study, it is aimed to present detailed the imaging of co...

Condylar hyperplasia is a well-known pathologic entity with an established treatment protocol. Traditionally, saws and drills have been used in the condylar osteotomy. The use of ultrasonic systems has optimized many procedures in the maxillofacial area; however, exploration of the use of this technique for condylectomy has been limited. Ultrasonic systems offer several advantages, such as a de...

In reviewing the literature relative to the development of Class II malocclusions, it can be learned that "not every Class II is a Class II." We must remember that behind the soft tissue drape of the patient’s face is a totally dynamic process that can be influenced by our heritage and altered by our environment. We realize when performing an occlusal evaluation of our young patients, findings ...