PURPOSE To investigate the cellular distribution of the muscarinic receptor (MR) subtypes m1-m5 on the ocular surface and to determine their function in cell growth. METHODS Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells and conjunctival fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analyses for m1-m5 were performed on cultured cells and tissue...

BACKGROUND Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic infection of the mucous membranes caused by the Rhinosporidium seeberi. Approximately 15% of cases of rhinosporidiosis are ocular, occurring mainly in the tarsal conjunctiva. There are only 11 cases of scleral melt with staphyloma formation associated with bulbar conjuctival oculosporidiosis and none of them was associated with partial regression of...

PURPOSE To present a rare case of a conjunctival hypertrophic scar presenting as eyelid mass after surgical treatment of a chalazion. CASE PRESENTATION A 74-year-old man visited our clinic with severe ocular discomfort and excessive lacrimation since several months in his left eye accompanied by itching of the upper eyelid. Examination of the anterior segment revealed a 6 mm (horizontal) × 8 ...

PURPOSE To compare the conjunctival, lacrimal sac, and nasal flora cultures and conjunctival normalization time following external (EX-), endoscopic (EN-), and transcanalicular multidiode laser (TC-) dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and to evaluate the relationship between culture positivity and surgical success. We further performed antibiotic sensitivity analyses for lacrimal sac culture samples. ...

Conjunctival concretions are single or clustered lesions frequently found on the palpebral conjunctiva. They commonly present in older individuals, despite being rarely symptomatic. This case report describes an 83-year-old man with multiple conjunctival concretions, which were surgically treated. The patient was symptomatic presentation and did not respond to conservative treatment. For this r...

purpose: to determine the efficacy of primary placement of a titanium sleeve and peg on hydroxyapatite (ha) orbital implants. methods: this retrospective non-comparative interventional case series was performed on 34 patients undergoing enucleation. a standard enucleation technique with primary ha implantation was performed, in which titanium sleeve and peg were placed primarily during the init...

OBJECTIVES To compare expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the conjunctiva of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with symptomatic moderate dry eye. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Nineteen diabetic patients with dry eye, 15 non-diabetic patients with dry eye and 14 diabetic patients without dry eye were recruited. The relative expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in conju...

Conjunctival xerosis (X1A) as an independent indicator of VAD: VAD is only one of the several causes of conjunctival xerosis; thus the reliability of this sign (X1A) for independent assessment of VAD in field conditions is questionable [3,4]. Conjunctival xerosis is clinically expressed as marked dryness or unwettability; the affected area appears roughened, with fine droplets or bubbles on the...

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) represents an uncommon variant of T-cell lymphomas and most often presents insidiously with systemic symptoms. This report constitutes the first documented case of conjunctival AITL, masquerading as nodular episcleritis, and describes both the clinical and pathological findings. Furthermore, conjunctival T-cell lymphoma in general remains a rare occurre...

PURPOSE To report the identification of human papillomavirus types in four cases of conjunctival papillomas and to review the literature regarding human conjunctival papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS Specimens from conjunctival papillomas of four patients were analyzed for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent filter hybridization. HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 wer...