In 1793, during a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, Benjamin Rush adopted a therapy that centered on rapid depletion through purgation and bleeding. His method, especially his reliance on copious bloodletting, was at first widely condemned, but many American practitioners eventually adopted it. Although the therapy struck many observers as being radical, in large part it grew from premises...

Hypergraph partitioning is critical for dividing and conquering intractable problems in many complex systems, which is an NP-hard problem. In the paper, a novel hypergraph bipartitioning algorithm is proposed, which partitions the hypergraph by separating the intersection graph. The new approach completely eliminates the adverse effects of hyperedges with large cardinality on the performance of...

background: the biological effects of radiation on radiology personnel are divided into two groups of deterministic effects and stochastic effects. due to the effects of radiation on health, radiology staff may be afraid of radiation. younger personnel with little work experience, compared with older personnel, have higher level of fear. the fear among radiology personnel, like employees of var...

around 75% of civilians have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives, and this number is considerably higher in many parts of the world, as well as in military veterans and first responders. of those exposed to trauma, 15-25% will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd).  ptsd extracts enormous economic, health, and quality of life cost. thus, it is critical to understand m...

Disease as a pivotal factor in determining the course of human events may be one og the least considered historical variables. When assessing the critical junctures of history, historians seem more inclined to focus on the impact of conquering armies, economic revolutions, and technologic breakthroughs. This analysis attempts to illustrate the seminal effects of the great plague of Athens. By d...

A new computational and control model of parallel and distributed nature has been developed. It comprises self-evolving, space-conquering automaton, high-level system navigation and coordination language, describing system problems in a spatial pattern-matching mode, and related distributed control mechanisms for management of physical, virtual, and combined worlds. The model allows us to obtai...