unlike other studies in which the autours have focused on testing the existence of an environmental kuznets curve, in this study, causality relationship between the energy consumption (oil equivalent), carbon emissions, gross domestic production, total labor force and fixed capital formation is investigated during 1960 to 2007 in iran. following an examination of stationary tests for all the va...

The transformation of industrial city into modern city entailed the change in the dominant nature of the city from the site of production to that of consumption. In the postmodern city, the trend accelerated, or better to say, heightened into "mass consumption". Consumption is no longer considered a routine and banal activity. It is rather a consciously and unconsciously affected affair that is...

Emerging contaminants (ECs) associated with consumer products such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and plastics, are an issue of growing concern for water quality human environmental health. Growth in use ECs is outcome populations, increased incomes the emergence new products. Two examples used illustrate value social science research understanding patterns consumption sources ECs,...

Agriculture has always played a key role in feeding the world population and ensuring development of sustainable food production systems [...]