A laboratory investigation provided preliminary comparison of trace element contaminant water treatment capabilities for four iron-based filter materials. The iron-based filter materials tested were zero-valent iron (ZVI), porous iron composite (PIC), sulfur modified iron (SMI), and iron oxide/hydroxide (IOH). Two types of trace element contaminant solutions were tested, one combined As, Cr, an...

Convective heat transfer as an energy transport phenomenon occurs in various engineering and natural systems such exchangers, chemical reactors solar collectors, cooling systems, transportation of contaminant urban landscape air pollution, motion sea or ocean waves others [...]

Electrokinetically enhanced remediation is an innovative technology that has the potential to remediate hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) contamination in soils and groundwater. A surfactant/cosolvent is used to increase HOC desorption and solubilization, and an applied electric potential facilitates contaminant transport primarily by electroosmosis and/or electrophoresis. Electroosmotic flow ...

In the event that a bacteriological or chemical toxin is introduced to a water distribution network, a large population of consumers may become exposed to the contaminant. A contamination event may be poorly predictable dynamic process due to the interactions of consumers and utility managers during an event. Consumers that become aware of a threat may select protective actions that change thei...

Digital hydrologic networks depicting surface-water pathways and their associated drainage catchments provide a key component to hydrologic analysis and modeling. Collectively, they form common spatial units that can be used to frame the descriptions of aquatic and watershed processes. In addition, they provide the ability to simulate and route the movement of water and associated constituents ...

Long-term surveillance of aquatic environments is a costly endeavor, thus a sound strategy is necessary to select the locations of monitoring stations to improve the quality of a monitoring system. This can be accomplished by optimizing the locations of a sensor network with respect to the hydraulic and fate and transport characteristics of the surface water system. It is expected that such an ...

The transport and fate of many contaminants in subsurface systems can be influenced by several rate-limited processes, such as rate-limited sorption, diffusional mass transfer, and transformation reactions. Identification of the controlling process in such systems is often difficult, and is confounded by the possible influence of additional factors such as nonlinear or hysteretic sorption. We p...

Anomalous dispersion is observed throughout hydrology, yielding a contaminant plume with heavy leading tails. The fractional advection dispersion equation (FADE) captures this behavior by replacing the second-order spatial derivative with a Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional derivative. The RL fractional derivative is a nonlocal operator and models large jumps of solute particles in heterogeneou...

The objective of this work is to present a numerical study of contaminant migration in saturated porous media. For this purpose, the advection-difussion equation describing the evolution of contaminant plumes in a vertical cross section of an aquifer is discretized employing a Total Variation Diminishing method (TVD), which provides an efficient way to eliminate spurious numerical oscillations ...