This paper investigates a conceptual, theoretical framework for power system contingency analysis based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The security and integrity of modern networks have received considerable critical attention, plays vital role in assessing the adverse effects losing single element or more network. However, number possible scenarios that should be investigated would ...

Where do equivalence relations come from? One possible answer is that they arise directly from the reinforcement contingency. That is to say, a reinforcement contingency produces two types of outcome: (a) 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or n-term units of analysis that are known, respectively, as operant reinforcement, simple discrimination, conditional discrimination, second-order conditional discrimination, ...

Lienert (1969, 1971a) justified his invention of Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) by the observation that higher-order interactions may exist in threeand higher-dimensional data even if no correlations between any pairs of variables can be observed. In Lienert (1971b) Hierarchical CFA (HCFA) was proposed in order to find that subset of variables which shows the highest degree of interdepende...

We compare two methods for visualising contingency tables and develop a method called the ratio map which combines the good properties of both. The first is a biplot based on the logratio approach to compositional data analysis. This approach is founded on the principle of subcompositional coherence, which assures that results are invariant to considering subsets of the composition. The second ...