A systematic technique for designing a continuous-time sigma-delta modulator @AhI) is presented. The continuous-time m open-loop transfer function is obtained by the pulse-invariant transformation of its discrete-time equivalent. This method results in an inherently stable XAM and does not need any loss factor to make the modulator stable, and so provides the maximum achievable signal-to-noise ...

In this paper, 1 we propose a novel loss function for the overall risk criterion estimation of hidden Markov models. For continuous speech recognition, the overall risk criterion estimation with the proposed loss function aims to directly maximise word recognition accuracy on the training database. We propose reestimation equations for the HMM parameters, which are derived using the Extended Ba...

Soft switching of DC-DC converter is done here. This is obtain good efficiency and to reduce the switching losses. Zero voltage switching reduces the switching losses in the circuit. This is done by using boost converter. Soft-switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces switching loss of active power switches and raises the conversion efficiency. A voltage step-up function and a ...