by approval of building advance-sale act in 2010, it is permitted to sell in advance the buildings to be built in future. in this act, certain rights and obligations are provided for the advance-sellers and advance-buyers. the approval of the said act is a development in the law of sale of buildings. amongst them are the requirement for official registration of any building advance-sale, statut...

there are rare references to professional training in mesopotamian sources mainly because this used to be done in the family, from father to son. nevertheless, there are some 35 apprenticeship contracts from the neo-babylonian period which open a unique window to the social, legal and economic aspects of professional training. the present article edits and translates 3 such apprenticeship contr...

the right to terminate and dissolution of administrative contracts is used because of two reasons: misconducts of contractors and maintaining the requisite of public interests. in the first, the causes of it have been noted explicitly in the article of 46 of the general terms of contracts. but about the second, it is necessary to note that the article of 48 of the general terms of contracts giv...

the most accurate contracts may also be involved in ambiguity, and interpretation is trying to understand the legal concept. insurance contract are counted as accession contracts in which the insured has no thorough understanding of the terms. because of parties inequality in insurance contracts, they fall into a different category from the interpretation perspective and demand protective inter...

it is possible for the lessor to transfer the leasehold property to another party through sale or other contracts over the course of lease without enjoying profit. according to iranian civil code, article 498, transferring the object of lease even to the lessee himself does not contradict the lease contract. after the contract, the lease contract is still valid. in french law, transferring the ...

In private international law of contract, the regulating rights and obligations contracting parties may (whether objectively determined or chosen by parties), in some instances, be limited either public policy considerations other relevant mandatory rules. this regard, overriding rules three places – that forum state, applicable (if different from lex fori) place performance (or a third state w...

In many settings, principals must use intermediaries to extract information from agents. For example, international organizations use NGOs or local leaders to acquire information about agents’ preferences in developing countries, exporting firms employ local agent to obtain information about local market conditions, legislatures ask local representatives to report the preferences of the members...

This paper analyzes an explicit protocol of contract negotiation between a principal who has all the bargaining power and an agent who holds some private information about his preferences. It extends the framework of the Coase conjecture to situations in which the seller and the buyer must determine the quantity or the quality of the good being sold. The results also provide a foundation for re...