Any inconsistent theory whose underlying logic is classical encompasses all the sentences of its own language. As it denies everything it asserts, it is useless for explaining or predicting anything. Nevertheless, paraconsistent logic has shown that it is possible to live with contradictions and still avoid the collapse of the theory. The main point of this paper is to show that even if it is f...

In biomedical texts, contradictions about proteinprotein interactions (PPIs) occur when an author reports observing a given PPI whereas another author argues that very same interaction does not take place: e.g., when author X argues that “protein A interacts with protein B” whereas author Y claims that “protein A does not interact with B”. Of course, merely discovering a potential contradiction...

The classical labour theory of value generates two well-known contradictions: Ricardo’s problem of an invariable measure of value and Marx’s transformation problem. I show that both contradictions derive from a category-mistake of supposing that technical costs and total costs are of the same logical type. This category-mistake is the underlying cause of the almost two hundred year history of t...

Sequential pattern mining is the method that has received much attention in sequence data mining research and applications, however, a drawback is that it does not profit from prior knowledge of domains. In our previous work, we proposed a belief-driven method with fuzzy set theory for discovering the unexpected sequences that contradict existing knowledge of data, including occurrence constrai...

A heated discussion has arisen over the “best” priorities derivation method. Using a Monte Carlo simulation this article compares and evaluates the solutions of four AHP ratio scaling methods: the right eigenvalue method, the left eigenvalue method, the geometric mean and the mean of normalized values. Matrices with different dimensions and degree of impurities are randomly constructed. We obse...

This article explores the research on community crime prevention, fear of crime, and alternative crime control strategies that go beyond those of traditional criminal justice agencies. The discussion focuses on the competing paradigms for prevention and control that have been tried over the past 20 years and relates that debate to the larger questions of crime causation and public attitudes tow...

This paper is composed of two independent parts. The first is concerned with Russell’s early philosophy of mathematics and his quarrel with Poincaré about the nature of their opposition. I argue that the main divergence between the two philosophers was about the nature of definitions. In the second part, I briefly present Leśniewski’s Ontology and suggest that Leśniewski’s original treatment of...

This paper introduces the logical basis for mod­ elling the phenomenon of reasoning in the pres­ ence of contradiction, by identifying this prob­ lem with the notion of change of context. We give here the basic definitions of a new seman­ tics, which works by interpreting one logic into a family of logics via translations, which we call semantics of translations. As a particular ap­ plication w...

This article examined, thought a Cultural Historical Activity Theory lens, how immersiveor pervasive environments and pedagogical agents could more easily support social collaboration as foundation of contemporary learning theory. It is argued that the fundamentalism-liberationism contradiction (learn from versus learn with technology) is no longer justifiable as contemporary technology tools (...