The dairy starter bacterium Lactococcus lactis is able to synthesize folate and accumulates large amounts of folate, predominantly in the polyglutamyl form. Only small amounts of the produced folate are released in the extracellular medium. Five genes involved in folate biosynthesis were identified in a folate gene cluster in L. lactis MG1363: folA, folB, folKE, folP, and folC. The gene folKE e...

The ripening of many fruits is controlled by an increase in ethylene hormone concentration. E8 is a fruit ripening protein that is related to the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) oxidase. To determine the function of E8, we have transformed tomato plants with an E8 antisense gene. We show here that the antisense gen...

The biosynthetic pathways of most alcohols are linked to intracellular redox homeostasis, which is crucial for life. This crucial balance is primarily controlled by the generation of reducing equivalents, as well as the (reduction)-oxidation metabolic cycle and the thiol redox homeostasis system. As a main oxidation pathway of reducing equivalents, the biosynthesis of most alcohols includes red...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a life essential molecule involved in versatile biological processes. To date, only two de novo biosynthetic routes to NAD+ are described, both of which start from proteinogenic amino acid and tightly controlled. Here, quinolinic pathway starting chorismate, provides an alternative route (named as the C3N pathway) biosynthesis, established. Significan...

The metIC operon involved in methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by transcription antitermination The metIC operon involved in methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by transcription antitermination There are two major pathways for methionine biosynthesis in microorganisms. Little is known about these pathways in Bacillus subtilis. The authors assigned...

In line with the key role of methionine in protein biosynthesis initiation and many cellular processes most microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to synthesize methionine de novo. Here we demonstrate that, in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, a rare combination of stringent response-controlled CodY activity, T-box riboswitch and mRNA decay mechanisms regulate the synthesis and stab...

Understanding how the fruit microclimate affects ascorbate (AsA) biosynthesis, oxidation and recycling is a great challenge in improving fruit nutritional quality. For this purpose, tomatoes at breaker stage were harvested and placed in controlled environment conditions at different temperatures (12, 17, 23, 27 and 31 °C) and irradiance regimes (darkness or 150 µmol m(-2) s(-1)). Fruit pericarp...

Quorum sensing is a microbial signaling process that relies on the production, release, and response to extracellular molecules called autoinducers. This Review covers quorum-sensing systems controlled by pyrazine-type autoinducer, 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazin-2-ol (DPO). The we cover span human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, where DPO regulates pathogenicity biofilm formation, phage VP882, controls lytic d...