We performed large eddy simulations (LES) of the turbulent natural convection of an electrically conductive fluid (water with 7% Na2SO4 electrolyte solution) in a moderate (4:4:1) aspect ratio enclosure heated from below and cooled from above and subjected to external nonuniformly distributed electromagnetic fields. Different configurations with permanent magnets (located under the lower therma...

Ref2: The following is a review of the manuscript, “The effects of convection on new particle formation in the free troposphere: Case studies” by Benson et al. This review pertains to a revised version of the manuscript. The case studies in this revision are improved and provide a clearer representation of the relationship between air history and new particle formation. However, the discussion ...

Thermal convection in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets has been dismissed on the grounds that radio-echo stratigraphy is undisturbed for long distances. However, the undisturbed stratigraphy lies, for the most part, above the density inversion in polar ice sheets and therefore does not disprove convection. An echo-free zone is widespread below the density inversion, yet nobody has cited t...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Co...

We present an overview of the relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics, adopting the perspective that the plates are the surface manifestation, i.e., the top thermal boundary layer, of mantle convection. We review how simple convection pertains to plate formation, regarding the aspect ratio of convection cells; the forces that drive convection; and how internal heating and temperatu...

The onset of thermal convection in an enclosed rotating cylinder is greatly influenced by the interaction between the Coriolis force and the cylinder sidewall. For temperature differences between the hot bottom and the cool top that are too small to sustain convection throughout the entire cylinder, convection sets in as pairs of wall-bounded hot thermal plumes ascend and cold thermal plumes de...

Heat and mass convection ............................................................................................................................. 1 Heat convection: what it is ........................................................................................................................ 1 Types of heat convection .......................................................................

Classical theories of turbulence do not describe accurately inertial range scaling laws in turbulent convection and notably fail to model the shape of the turbulent spectrum of solar photospheric convection. To understand these discrepancies, a detailed study of scale-by-scale budgets in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection is presented, with particular emphasis placed on anisotropy and inhomog...

Multi-fluid models have recently been proposed as an approach to improving the representation of convection in weather and climate models. This is attractive framework it fundamentally dynamical, removing some assumptions mass-flux schemes which are invalid at current model resolutions. However, still not understood how best close multi-fluid equations for atmospheric convection. In this paper ...