The weighted semigroup algebra Mb (S, w) is studied via its identification with Mb (S) together with a weighted algebra product *w so that (Mb (S, w), *) is isometrically isomorphic to (Mb (S), *w). This identification enables us to study the relation between regularity and amenability of Mb (S, w) and Mb (S), and improve some old results from discrete to general case.

A commercial Monte Carlo simulation package, NXEGS 1.12 (NumeriX LLC, New York, NY), was commissioned for photon-beam dose calculations. The same sets of measured data from 6-MV and 18-MV beams were used to commission NXEGS and Pinnacle 6.2b (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA). Accuracy and efficiency were compared against the collapsed cone convolution algorithm implemented in Pinnacle 6.2b...

As s‌tudents spend one-third of their time at school, their health, comfort, and productivity are mos‌tly influenced by thermal condition and indoor air quality of classrooms. Regarding that manual window-opening is a common way for providing fresh air in classes and s‌tudents aren't allowed to change their uniform, position or control the windows during the lesson hours, providing thermal comf...

Many karst aquifers are rapidly filled and depleted and therefore are likely to be susceptible to changes in shortterm climate variability. Here we explore methods that could be applied to model site-specific hydraulic responses, with the intent of simulating these responses to different climate scenarios from high-resolution climate models. We compare hydraulic responses (spring flow, groundwa...

This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with sandwiched structure and air channel. It mainly consists of a top coil, a bottom coil, an NdFeB permanent magnet and a nickel planar spring integrated with silicon frame. The prototype is fabricated mainly using silicon micromachining and microelectroplating te...

The spring constant of an atomic force microscope cantilever is often needed for quantitative measurements. The calibration method of Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] for a rectangular cantilever requires measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor in fluid (typically air), and knowledge of its plan view dimensions. This intrinsically uses the hydrodynamic function...

An intensive field campaign for the measurement of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in ambient air was conducted in Changbai Mountain area from 5 August 2005 to 5 July 2006 using an automatic atmospheric mercury analyzer (Tekran 2537A), which was the first time TGM was monitored at a remote area in northeastern China. 99% of the hourly TGM concentrations fell between 1.28 and 9.49ngm(...

Using daily minimum air-temperature (Tmin) data from the state of Illinois, the dates of spring and fall freezes – and the resulting growing-season length – are examined for trends during the period 1906–1997. Of the stations in the Daily Historical Climate Network, most show trends toward earlier spring freezes; however, trends in fall freezes are not consistent over the station network. Altho...

In this paper, we propose an e cient technique for the animation of exible thin objects. Massspring model was employed to represent the exible objects. Many techniques have used the mass-spring model to generate plausible animation of soft objects. The easiest approach to animation with mass-spring model is explicit Euler method, but the explicit Euler method has serious disadvantage that it su...