in this research the cooperative sector's law has been analyzed under the general headings cooperative as an economic sector, cooperative's and cooperatives :union:’s nature, and damages of the acts to the law and the normal function of cooperatives and at the end it has been analytically concluded that regarding the stated structural and legal deficiencies while keeping the cooperati...

Although graspable interfaces are often developed as support for cooperative (design) activities, there is still little research on cooperative use aspects. This paper explains the concept of graspable interfaces and analyses their potential as tool for cooperative design. It presents a theory on positive effects of graspable media on cooperation and supporting evidence. After examining effects...

The aim of a cooperative system is to coordinate and support group activities. Cooperative Systems Design Language (CSDL) is an experimental language designed to support the development of cooperative systems from specification to implementation. In CSDL, a system is defined as a collection of reusable entities implementing floor control disciplines and shared workspaces. CSDL tries to address ...

background: social confidence is considered an important element in entrepreneurship. objectives: given the importance of employment and entrepreneurship of veterans, the present research aimed to determine the status of social confidence in veteran entrepreneurs of zanjan province. methods: in this survey. the statistical sample included all veteran entrepreneurs of zanjan province with an ent...

Web-based cooperative learning focuses on (1) the interaction and the collaboration of community members, and (2) the sharing and the distribution of knowledge and expertise by network technology to enhance learning performance. Numerous research literatures related to web-based cooperative learning have demonstrated that cooperative scripts have a positive impact to specify, sequence, and assi...

Participatory methods have been widely adopted by researchers working on applied agricultural problems including crop breeding. This change in paradigm has implications for the design and analysis of methods used. Some of these are summarized in a companion paper by this author (see Coe 1, this proceedings). An assumption of this paper is that formal analysis of quantitative data collected syst...

Despite the widespread adoption of mobile information and communication technology, there are still relatively few studies of their use. Previous studies often fail to capture the situated practicalities of mobility. Further, many previous studies are work-oriented, viewing the office or the control room as a base, and see mobility as a means of transportation. This thesis contributes to our un...

Cooperative purchasing is increasingly seen as a valuable mechanism in the health and care sector in holding down health spending by leveraging the combined volumes of hospitals in the purchase of medical products as well as optimizing purchasing activities especially in hospitals. Little is known, however, about the actual extent of cost-savings that cooperative purchasing generates for partic...