Coronary sinus occlusion retards necrosis of ischemic myocardium. To test the hypothesis that coronary sinus occlusion induces retrograde venoarterial flow, the coronary arteriovenous pressure gradient and the coronary arterial oxygen saturation were measured distal to a left anterior descending coronary artery ligature in dogs. In parallel, we constructed a mathematical model of known coronary...

Background: The cavernous sinus (CS) is a complex anatomical structure that poses significant challenges to neurosurgeons performing surgical interventions in this region. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy CS, including its relevant landmarks and structures, crucial for successful outcomes. Objective: This review aimed provide overview as well approaches neurosurgeons. Methods: liter...

BACKGROUND Despite the large availability of 3T MR scanners and the potential of high field imaging, this technical platform has yet to prove its usefulness in the cardiac MR setting, where 1.5T remains the established standard. Global perfusion of the left ventricle, as well as the coronary flow reserve (CFR), can provide relevant diagnostic information, and MR measurements of these parameters...

Resetting of carotid sinus (CS) baroreceptors to chronically elevated systemic pressure in hypertension has been demonstrated. The effects of chronic system hypotension on CS baroreceptor afferents has not been elucidated, however. The purpose of the present study was to determine the electrophysiological and histological characteristics of CS baroreceptors exposed to chronic hypotension. Chron...

BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the ventricles via right ventricular apical pacing deteriorates cardiac function, which may explain the increased mortality of patients with congestive heart failure receiving permanent pacemakers. We hypothesized that pacing at alternative sites may cause less detrimental effects on the cardiac function. METHODS Five symptomatic patients with either advanced...

The fat pad at the junction of the inferior vena cava and inferior left atrium is the area of convergence of vagal projections into the atrioventricular node (AVN) region. The present study investigated whether radiofrequency (RF) ablation applied to the area around the coronary sinus (CS) ostium would impair vagal input to the AVN in the canine heart. Twenty-four dogs were anesthetized by sodi...

In retrograde cardioplegia (RCP), some difficulty is occasionally encountered when inserting a catheter into the coronary sinus (CS). Although the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for guiding the cannulation procedures has been previously reported by other authors, we have obtained additional findings by TEE monitoring of eleven patients during placement of the CS catheter. ...

A 66-year-old man underwent electrophysiological study and catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. At the beginning of the procedure, sinus rhythm was restored by internal cardioversion. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was performed, and the electric isolation of all 4 pulmonary veins was confirmed. Subsequently, linear ablation of a left atrial roof and the mitral isthmu...

The coronary sinus (CS) catheter, which provides left atrial and ventricular potentials also serves as an anatomical marker, is indispensable in modern EPS. However, inserting CS catheters can sometimes be challenging due to anomalies or the presence of (LV) leads. In this context, Okada et al. demonstrated usefulness novel over-the-wire 2.7-Fr microcatheter (EPstar Fix AIV; Japan Lifeline), ha...

BACKGROUND Left ventricular lead placement in a suitable coronary vein is a key determi-nant of responsiveness to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Multidetector cardiac tomography (MDCT) is a non-invasive alternative to depict cardiac venous anatomy although coronary sinus (CS) retrograde venography (RV) is the gold standard. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of MDCT to...