As the world’s populations increase and age, there is a parallel increase in the number of medical procedures addressed to bone related injuries. It is estimated that approximately 1 million of orthopaedic implant surgeries in association with total joint replacements are needed every year. This number is expected to double between 1999 and 2025 as a result of increasing numbers of musculoskele...

The causes for the susceptibility of prestressing steels to hydrogen induced stress corrosion and the failure mechanisms occurring could be researched in depth. In contrast to this an exact testing method on the evidence of the prestressing steel sensitivity valid for all steel types does not exist. This has caused not only prejudices against prestressed buildings but has also led to additional...

In the first half of the article, inspection organization and programs are briefly dealt with. This is followed by a more detailed review of inspection, detection and monitoring methods, which comprises visual inspection, radiography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current technique, magnetic particle inspection, the use of liquid penetrant, the electric field signature method, acoustic emission, lea...

The applications of stainless steel are one of the most reliable solutions in concrete structures to reduce chloride-induced corrosion problems and increase the structures service life, however, due to high prices of nickel, especially in many civil engineering projects, the austenitic stainless steel is replaced by the ferritic stainless steels. Compared with austenite stainless steel, the fer...

Forecasting the life of concrete infrastructures in corrosive environments presents a long-standing and socially relevant challenge in science and engineering. Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is the main cause for premature degradation of concrete infrastructures worldwide. Since the middle of the past century, this challenge has been tackled by using a conceptual ap...

Thin films of ceramic materials like alumina and silicon carbide are deposited on Inconel substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique using Q-switched Nd: YAG laser. Deposited films are characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Composite microhardness of ceramic coated Inconel system is measured using Knoop indenter and its film hardness is separated using a mat...

Corrosion significantly affects the structural behavior of members in a connection (i.e., thickness steel plates, preload force bolts, and friction factor plates). Safety assessment corroded frames beam-to-column connection, beams, or columns) has been major concern engineering. In this work, an experiment accelerated corrosion testing is carried out to obtain specimens connected with high-stre...

One of the possibilities to mass-produce dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device is if it could be embedded to the area atop metal roof. However, the use of metal substrate is constrained by the corrosion caused by the electrolyte solution used in the DSSC device such as iodide/tri-iodide (I-/I3-). In this study, we propose the utilization of polyaniline/reduced graphene o...

Current trends and issues in the development of alternatives to the use of animals in biomedical experimentation are discussed in this position paper. Eight topics are considered and include refinement of acute toxicity assays; eye corrosion/irritation alternatives; skin corrosion/irritation alternatives; contact sensitization alternatives; developmental/reproductive testing alternatives; genet...