Shellfish toxins are the most dangerous marine biotoxins, and produced by free living micro-algae. Shellfish toxins are concentrated in flesh, and poisoning occurs when these contaminated shellfish is consumed. They can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and azaspiracid shellfis...

BACKGROUND In treating severe corrosive injury of the esophagus and stomach, prompt diagnosis, adequate fluid resuscitation and warranted surgical intervention are the most important factors in rescue of critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for, and the advantages of, a surgical approach to treatment of such corrosive injuries to the upper gastrointestinal...

moisture and air pollutions intensify metallic and nonmetallic surface corrosions. corroded surfaces exposed to rain washing cause pollution transportation in water and soil environment, especially in industrial areas. investigation of storm runoff quality in pars special economic energy zone (pseez) has shown heavy metals in storm basins of gas refineries and petrochemical industries.in this p...

OBJECTIVE We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of the esophageal balloon dilatation (EBD) in children with a corrosive esophageal stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects included 14 patients (M:F = 8:6, age range: 17-85 months) who underwent an EBD due to a corrosive esophageal stricture. The causative agents for the condition were glacial acetic acid (n = 9) and lye (n ...

Effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on skin corrosion and irritation using three-dimensional human skin models were investigated based on the test guidelines of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG431 and TG439). EpiDermTM skin was incubated with NPs including those harboring iron (FeNPs), aluminum oxide (AlNPs), titanium oxide (TNPs), and silver (AgNPs) for a defined time...

We examined the causes and mortality of poisoning in the province of Mazandaran. In all, 1751 poisoning cases referred to four main hospitals over a three-year period (1997-2000) were included. More poisoning cases were females (55.5%) than males (45.5%) but the proportional mortality for males was greater than for females (65% versus 35%). The greatest proportion of poisonings occurred between...

OBJECTIVES To carry out time series analyses of hospital admissions for poisoning between 1995-2008 in all districts in Sri Lanka to identify trends and geographical variations in the substances used in poisoning. METHODS Data of hospital admissions from 1995-2008 due to poisoning were obtained from the Annual Health Bulletins published by the Ministry of Health. Data were converted to annual...

background: it is introduced that unintentional childhood poisoning can be as result of child home environment and characteristics of parents. this study aimed at quantifying the adjusted population attributable risk percentage of risk factor of unintentional childhood poisoning.  materials and methods: the hospital based case- control included 140 consecutive poisoned children who admitted to ...

BACKGROUND In recent times poisoning with agricultural chemicals either accidental or suicidal has become common due to easy availability and low cost. So it has become essential to find out the burden of poisoning to the victims, family and to hospital and morbidity and mortality among the victims. AIMS To determine the trends of poisoning along with various parameters such as mode of poison...