Peatland restoration practitioners are keen to understand the role of drainage via natural soil pipes, especially where erosion has released large quantities fluvial carbon in stream waters. However, little is known about pipe-to-stream connectivity and whether blocking methods used impede flow open ditch networks gullies also work on pipe networks. Two streams a heavily degraded blanket bog (s...

Due to the fact that modern technologies are getting smaller and more compact anticipated perform better, there has been an increase in interest heat transfer enhancement employing hybrid nanofluids tubes channels recent years. This study seeks establish outward saw tooth corrugated wall model-based predictive friction characteristic for internal tube flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) wa...