Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for treatment of osteoporosis. Long-term use of bisphosphonates has been correlated to atypical femoral fractures (AFF). AFFs arise from fatigue damage to bone tissue that cannot be repaired due to pharmacologic treatments. Despite fatigue being the primary damage mechanism of AFFs, the effects of osteoporosis treatments on fatigue properties of cortical ...

The microcracking and damage accumulation process in human cortical bone was characterized by performing cyclic loading under four-point bending at ambient temperature. A non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-spin (T(2)) relaxation technique was applied to quantify the apparent changes in bone porosity as a function of cyclic loading and prior damage accumulation, first to unloa...

Autogenous bone graft is gold standard in treating bone defects, but it might have difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study is to compare the effectiveness among freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, and demineralized bone matrix xenograft as bone graft to fill bone defect in femoral diaphysis of white rabbit. Thirty male New Zealand white...

BACKGROUND High resolution μCT, and combined μPET/CT have emerged as non-invasive techniques to enhance or even replace dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the current preferred approach for fragility fracture risk assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of µPET/CT imaging to differentiate changes in rat bone tissue density and microstructure induced by metabolic bone ...

Aging and bone diseases are associated with increased fracture risk. It is therefore pertinent to seek an understanding of the origins of such disease-related deterioration in bone's mechanical properties. The mechanical integrity of bone derives from its hierarchical structure, which in healthy tissue is able to resist complex physiological loading patterns and tolerate damage. Indeed, the mec...

Bone shows a radial gradient architecture with the exterior densified cortical bone and interior porous cancellous bone. However, previous studies presented uniform designs for scaffolds that do not mimic natural bone's structure. Hence, mimicking native structures is still challenging in tissue engineering. In this study, novel biomimetic scaffold Haversian channels designed, which approximate...

A 16-years-old female patient with painless swelling of the right side of mandible is described. She noticed the swelling from two years ago, without painful symptoms. Axial CT imaging showed buccal expansion with intact buccal and lingual cortical bone. The report of incisional biopsy was central odontogenic fibroma. Under general anesthesia the lesion was removed after ostectomy of buccal cor...

Introduction: Bone, as a hard biological tissue, consists of cells resided in the bone matrix, which is made by an organic (primarily collagen (90%) and 10% amorphous ground substance) and a mineral phase. The main constituents of bone mineral are calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. The mineral components consist mainly of hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous calcium phosphate. Bone acts ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to destruction of cartilage and bone. Whether rheumatoid arthritis also affects the adjacent bone marrow is less clear. In this study, we investigated subcortical bone marrow changes in joints from patients with RA. We describe penetration of the cortical barrier by synovial inflammatory tissue, invasion into the bone marrow cavity and formation of mononuclear ce...

background: the success of dental implants depends on the manner in which stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. an important consideration is to design an implant with a geometry that will minimize the peak bone stresses caused by standard loading. the aim of this study was to assess the infl uence of implant thread geometry on biomechanical load transfer and to compare the differen...