OBJECTIVES To examine the cost of care for people with dementia in institutional care settings, to understand the major cost drivers and to highlight opportunities for service development. METHODS Data on 277 residents with dementia in 16 UK residential or nursing homes were collected. We estimated care and support costs and fitted models to the data. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted....

After they stop drivers for exceeding the speed limit, police often have the discretion to alter the penalty. We investigated the degree to which extra-legal factors (apologies and other verbal responses), in addition to speed over the limit, predict ticket costs for speeding. Surveys of speeders were conducted in the U.S. and Canada. The data suggest that what people say to police matters. Par...

noise is one of the major hazardous occupational exposures and one of the occupations at risk is the transportation industry. however, few studies have measured and reported the amount of noise exposure in drivers. in this study, we evaluated noise exposure among the public transportation bus drivers of one major iranian city, kerman, southeast iran. eighty public transportation buses in the st...

in bavaria, about 1.7 million children walk, ride a bike or take the bus to school. it is important that they all get to school and back home again safely. in the last few decades, we in bavaria have been able to significantly improve safety on children’s way to school. in the mid 1970s, up to 35 children were killed in accidents every year on their way to school. in the last few years, we have...

An overview is given on selected cost-drivers within an assisted reproduction technology (ART) laboratory, such as procedural costs; sperm preparations; laboratory supplies including embryo culture media and cryopreservation. Depending on the nature of an ART unit, i.e. private vs. public/tertiary, the structure of the unit will differ with regards to costs, services offered, and general patien...

Household chauffeuring (also called escort, serve passenger and caregiving travel) refers to personal motor vehicle travel specifically made to transport independent non-drivers (people who could travel on their own if they had suitable travel options). This additional vehicle travel imposes various direct and indirect costs. This paper identifies factors that affect the amount of chauffeuring ...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease with important healthcare, social, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the costs of hospitalizing patients with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this state-level cross-sectional study, data from 165 COPD patients who had presented to our hospital between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013 were ...

451 Dear Editor, Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of mortality in individuals aged <40 years and the third leading cause in all age groups. Moreover, in Iran, motor vehicle crashes are estimated to be the second leading cause of mortality in all age groups. These crashes not only cause mortality but also could impose high costs in all countries. [1] According to traffic agents’ repor...

Challenges in forecasting fleet development and deployment are in part due to fuel price uncertainty. To address this issue, a recent study developed an aircraft-specific Leontief technology operating cost model (LM) to compare aircraft costs under fuel price uncertainty. This model considers individual aircraft types to be Leontief technologies, such that the key drivers of cost must be used i...

The incidence of fatality over the period 2010-2014 from automobile accidents in North Cyprus is 2.75 times greater than the average for the EU. With the prospect of North Cyprus entering the EU, many investments will need to be undertaken to improve road safety in order to reach EU benchmarks. The objective of this study is to provide local estimates of the value of a statistical life and inju...