A distributed algorithm is crash quiescent if it eventually stops sending messages to crashed processes. An algorithm can be made crash quiescent by providing it with either a crash notification service or a reliable communication service. Both services can be implemented in practical environments with failure detectors. Therefore, crash-quiescent failure detection is fundamental to system-wide...

Computational human body models are widely used for automotive crash-safety research and design and as such have significantly contributed to a reduction of traffic injuries and fatalities. Currently crash simulations are mainly performed using models based on crash-dummies. However crash dummies differ significantly from the real human body and moreover crash dummies are only available for a l...

Hotspots of high species diversity are a prominent feature of modern global biodiversity patterns. Fossil and molecular evidence is starting to reveal the history of these hotspots. There have been at least three marine biodiversity hotspots during the past 50 million years. They have moved across almost half the globe, with their timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events. The ...

1 This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of roundabout crash patterns. First, an improved 2 method was used to calculate crash type percentages for Wisconsin roundabouts. Second, the 3 crash type patterns were compared between roundabout types and between at-fault driver 4 residency types. It was found that the entering-circulating crash was the severest at single-lane 5 roundabouts while...

There has been considerable research conducted over the last 20 years focused on predicting motor vehicle crashes on transportation facilities. The range of statistical models commonly applied includes binomial, Poisson, Poisson-gamma (or negative binomial), zero-inflated Poisson and negative binomial models (ZIP and ZINB), and multinomial probability models. Given the range of possible modelin...

PRDM9 is a major specifier of human meiotic recombination hotspots, probably via binding of its zinc-finger repeat array to a DNA sequence motif associated with hotspots. However, our view of PRDM9 regulation, in terms of motifs defined and hotspots studied, has a strong bias toward the PRDM9 A variant particularly common in Europeans. We show that population diversity can reveal a second class...

The ability to accurately predict vehicle trajectories is essential in infrastructure-based safety systems that aim identify critical events such as near-crash situations and traffic violations. In a connected environment, important information about these can be communicated road users or the infrastructure avoid mitigate potential crashes. Intersections require special attention this context ...

Animal-derived nutrients play an important role in structuring nutrient regimes within and between ecosystems. When animals undergo repetitive, aggregating behavior through time, they can create nutrient hotspots where rates of biogeochemical activity are higher than those found in the surrounding environment. In turn, these hotspots can influence ecosystem processes and community structure. We...

Motorcycle crashes constitute a significant proportion of traffic accidents all over the world. The aim of this paper was to examine the motorcycle crash patterns and rider fault status across the provinces of Iran. For this purpose, 6638 motorcycle crashes occurred in Iran through 2009-2012 were used as the analysis data and a two-step clustering approach was adopted as the analysis framework....