Creatine release was compared in various conditions of muscle damage: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina, and cardiac surgery. After AMI, serum and urine creatine concentrations increased transiently. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, serum creatine values were significantly higher because of impaired renal function, whereas urinary creatine concentrations were comparable. In...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle GLUT4 protein content and total creatine and glycogen content during muscle disuse and subsequent training. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed with 22 young healthy volunteers. The right leg of each subject was immobilized using a cast for 2 weeks, after which subjects participa...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of creatine in GLUT4 gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Female Wistar rats were fed normal rat chow (controls) or chow containing 2% creatine monohydrate ad libitum for 3 wk. GLUT4 protein levels of creatine-fed rats were significantly increased in extensor digitorum longus (EDL), triceps, and epitrochlearis muscles compared w...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if creatine supplementation assisted with reducing the amount of exercise induced muscle damage and if creatine supplementation aided in recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. Two groups of subjects (group 1 = creatine; group 2 = placebo) participated in an eccentric exercise protocol following 7 and 30 days of creatine or placebo supple...

In studies in vitro, creatine-114 C entered the extensor digitorum longus of young rats by a saturable process which had an apparent Vmax of 0.6 mmole per liter of intracellular water per hour and an apparent Km of 5 X 10 4 M. Creatine entry by nonsaturable processes was negligible at physiologic external creatine concentrations. Anaerobiosis, 1 X 103 M 2,4-dinitrophenol, and cooling each reduc...

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a simple colorimetric method for creatine kinase (CK). The new method is based on the reaction of creatine, formed enzymatically from creatine phosphate and ADP, with different glyoxal compounds. Hydrated glyoxals, such as para-nitrophenyl, 2-thiophene, 4- biphenyl, 4, 4' -biphenyl,α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, para-chlorophenyl, and styryl were...

objective(s):   this study aimed to address the gold nanoparticle(gnp)-dose and exposure duration effect on the kidney function of rats: in vivo.   materials and methods: a total of 32 healthy male wistar rats were used in this study. animals were randomly divided into groups, three gnp-treated groups and control group. group 1, 2 and 3 received. /5 cc of solution containing 5, 10,100 ppm au vi...