Exposure control research with polytomous item pools has determined that randomization procedures can be very effective for controlling test security in computerized adaptive testing (CAT). The current study investigated the performance of four procedures for controlling item exposure in a CAT under the partial credit model. In addition to a no exposure control baseline condition, the Kingsbury...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. A total of 110 small scale farme...

We study a simple, solvable model that allows us to investigate effects of credit contagion on the default probability of individual firms, in both portfolios of firms and on an economy wide scale. While the effect of interactions may be small in typical (most probable) scenarios they are magnified, due to feedback, by situations of economic stress, which in turn leads to fatter tails in loss d...

We propose a ow-control scheme that combines the merits of credit-and rate-based ow-control schemes by applying direct control over both bandwidth and buuer resources. The goal of the proposed scheme is to design an optimal rate-control policy for a given nite buuer capacity that maximizes average throughput and bounds end-to-end delay. By applying higher-order rate control, the proposed scheme...

This paper offers a model of credit markets with adverse selection and moral hazard. The equilibrium is highly inefficient, and the underlying reason is the zeroprofit condition imposed by competing financial intermediaries which gives very high powered incentives to entrepreneurs. The paper demonstrates that when entrepreneurs can hire a manager to run their projects, the inefficiencies are pr...

Researchers as well as policymakers have expressed concerns that some contract features in the credit-card and subprime mortgage markets may induce consumers to borrow too much and to make suboptimal contract and repayment choices. These concerns are motivated in part by intuition and evidence on savings and credit suggesting that consumers have a time-inconsistent taste for immediate gratifica...

We describe the successful introduction of cryp-tology into a new application area-protecting pre-payment electricity meters from token fraud. These meters are used by a number of utilities from Scotland to South Africa, and they present some interesting security challenges.

in this study business operations and liquidity and credit risk on price fluctuations on the stock exchange since 2010 to 2013 has been tehran distance. the sample consisted of 76 company the systematic elimination method is selected. the company had a total of 304 years, in this study, the hypothesis of linear regression and correlation to analyse the data and test hypotheses eviews software i...