Background: Better healthcare outcomes in health services are obtainable from frequently observing ongoing healthcare activities, gathering data, and assessing outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to establish the basic principles of nursing care standards and practices in wards, develop a nursing audit tool for periodically monitoring and controlling o...

disproportionate punishments are punishments passed or enforced without considering the criteria of proportionality, namely the criteria of harm done, the absolute or relative seriousness of crimes, the kind of committed crime and offender characteristics, the degree and kind of victim culpability. considering the penological aims, such as retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence and securing so...

introduction: the sensitivity of teaching and learning processes at universities highlights the necessity of assessment, which is followed by improvement of education quality and efficacy of education system in the country. this study was carried out to perform an internal evaluation of department of anatomy and cell biology at kermanshah university of medical sciences in 2015. methods: this cr...