It is frequently assumed that the accuracy with which luminance gratings can be detected depends solely on the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of a single linear channel. Proportionality between threshold elevation and power spectral density is implicit in this assumption. I demonstrate that this proportionality does not hold for 1-cycle/degree gratings masked by low-pass noise with a 0.5-c...

Proportionality is a legal principle that plays a key role in constitutional review of public acts. In the EU it legitimizes the constitutional claims of EU law in the context of a multi-level legal system. The application of proportionality in the EU differs based on whether EU legal acts or legal acts of the Member States are concerned. In the former case a manifestly disproportionate test is...

Energy efficiency is becoming more important in database design, i. e., the work delivered by a database server should be accomplished by minimal energy consumption. So far, a substantial number of research papers examined and optimized the energy consumption of database servers or single components. In this way, our first efforts were exclusively focused on the use of flash memory or SSDs in a...

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 (Title IX), enacted to protect individuals from discrimination based on gender in educational programs, is enforced by the Office for Civil Rights, In regard to collegiate sport, the enactment of Title IX has resulted in increased opportunities; however, sport organizations frequently fail to meet compliance with proportionality. The purpose of t...

In this paper, we proceed exploring the case of non-stationary helical flows Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids with variable (spatially dependent) coefficient proportionality between velocity and curl field flow. Meanwhile, system (including continuity equation) has been successfully explored previously respect to existence analytical way presentation aforementioned type. The ma...

The computing community is facing several big data challenges due to the unprecedented growth in the volume and variety of data. Many large-scale Internet companies use distributed NoSQL data stores to mitigate these challenges. These NoSQL data-store installations require massive computing infrastructure, which consume significant amount of energy and contribute to operational costs. This cost...

In the life sciences, many measurement methods yield only the relative abundances of different components in a sample. With such relative-or compositional-data, differential expression needs careful interpretation, and correlation-a statistical workhorse for analyzing pairwise relationships-is an inappropriate measure of association. Using yeast gene expression data we show how correlation can ...

A necessary and sufficient condition of comparability for using SMR was studied mathematically by considering the equivalence between SMR and CMF, as CMF was a perfectly comparable index. This condition was expressed by either proportionality of mortality vectors or proportionality of projected person-years to the plane spanned by mortality vectors of reference and index groups. We could obtain...

Moralizing religions, unlike religions with morally indifferent gods or spirits, appeared only recently in some (but not all) large-scale human societies. A crucial feature of these new religions is their emphasis on proportionality (between deeds and supernatural rewards, between sins and penance, and in the formulation of the Golden Rule, according to which one should treat others as one woul...