The present study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of reading instructional approach called MCSR- Modified Collaborative Strategic Reading on reducing intermediate EFL learner's reading anxiety. Based on a pretest-posttest design, MCSR was implemented with 64 EFL learners at intermediate level. They received EFL reading instruction according to MCSR over two and a half months. A ...

The American Federation of Teachers (1999) has stated that "the most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read" (p. 7). The central purpose of reading is comprehension--constructing meaning from text. The purpose of the present study was to identify, review, and summarize the research published in professional peer-reviewed journals related to reading comprehension and ...

this study aimedat investigating the difference between male and female iranian upper-intermediate efl learners in terms of critical thinking, meta-cognitive awareness listening strategies, and selection of meta- cognitive listening strategies. to this end, one hundred and fifty language learners (including males and females with average age of 26.5) were selected through homogenised process to...

this paper uses critical discourse analysis to examine discursive representations of older people in taiwanese newspapers. a total of 926 references to older people were sampled from 62 articles published in four taiwanese newspapers from january to august 2013. the findings suggest that, older people were frequently allocated roles suggestive of dependency. those portrayed in line with the pos...

Vague language is observed in elements that make the meaning unclear. In this pragma-linguistic paper, authors aim to review different proposed theories and definitions of vague were suggested middle past century. Through discourse analysis usage, justify politeness communication, gender, culture, press releases, education. Authors found there dissatisfaction among speakers with describing term...

literary criticism is one of the most challenging courses, if not the most problematic course, to teach on the curriculum of literature in iranian universities. this course has in fact been designed to familiarise students with a variety of critical approaches to literature. as such, faculty members who teach this course are required to cover a range of theories that often negate or dialectical...

Reading academic texts requires learners to use a variety of skills and strategies. Among the main types reading are (a) for quick reference, (b) pleasure also (c) critical reading. Students who have just left high schools, text may post some problems. Hence, readers face challenges when they read texts. Different different difficulties Some linguistics while non-linguistic Fortunately, many th...