The aim of the present study was to summarize the management of upper urinary tract calculi in crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE). Two patients were retrospectively studied in Xiangya Hospital (Changsha, China) and all relevant literature published in English between 1996 and 2016 was reviewed. All patients, including those reported in the literature, were characterized by age, sex, manifestati...

A 9-month-old girl presented with dribbling urine and no normal voiding since birth. There was no history of urinary tract infection. On examination, the child appeared healthy. An abdominal examination was normal. On separation of the labia, a single opening with leaking urine was seen; no separate urethral opening was identified (Figure 1). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a crossed left re...

Right renal ectopia with malrotation was seen on a CT angiography in a 64-year-old male patient. Bilateral triple renal arteries were also revealed: one main (superior) renal artery and two accessory arteries (middle and inferior), all originating in the abdominal aorta. The renal arteries are disposed symmetrically. The main arteries and the accessory ones are of equal caliber. Simple renal ec...

Abstract Background The subdiaphragmatic kidney is a positional variant of the uncommon cephalad renal ectopia, whereas malrotation refers to anomalous hilar position. Both anomalies are rare, possibly under-reported, discovered incidentally on radiological examinations since patients often asymptomatic. Case presentation This case report presents unique anatomical variation in 71-year-old fema...