An increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as major ice storms, can have severe impacts on southern forests. We investigated the damage inflicted by a severe ice storm that occurred in February 2014 on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) ideotypes in Cross, South Carolina located in the southeastern coastal plain. The ‘‘narrow crown” ideotype allocates more resour...

The final hot strip profile is a superposition of the roll initial crown, the roll bending and flattening crown, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown. In this research, linear regression models are proposed to predict the roll force, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown using experimental data provided by Mobarake Steel Complex (MSC). The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory ba...

Crown-ethers have recently been used to assemble porous liquids (PLs), which are liquids with permanent porosity formed by mixing bulky solvent molecules (e.g., 15-crown-5 ether) with solvent-inaccessible organic cages. PLs and crown-ethers belong to a novel class of materials, which can potentially be used for gas separation and storage, but their performance for this purpose needs to be asses...

To analyze the main variables affecting crown biomass, we measured crown biomass and a number of variables describing tree size, such as stem diameter at breast height (D), tree height (H), crown width (Cw) and crown length (Cl), from 754 sample trees of four pine species in China, specifically, Pinus massoniana, P. yunnanensis, P. tabulaeformis and P. elliottii. In addition, we developed indiv...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the retention force changes and wear behaviours of double-crown systems over long-term use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten groups, each consisting of six samples, were evaluated. Specifically, casting gold alloy primary crown - casting gold alloy secondary crown (AA), laser sintering primary crown - laser sintering secondary crown (LL), casting Cr a...

The effect o f K-picrate-18-crown-6 (crown) on the photoelectron transport activity o f beet spinach thylakoid membranes was investigated. Addition o f micromolar concentration o f crown to thylakoid preparation inhibited p-benzoquinone, chloride-indophenol, methyl viologen supported Hill activities maximally by 75 per cent in a concentration dependent manner. However, the photosystem I catalyz...

The pH-profiles of the extraction of Cs(+) into four conventional (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and bis[trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]imides of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-(2-ethylhexyl)-3- methylimidazolium) and two novel (trioctylmethylammonium salicylate and tetrahexylammonium dihexylsulfosuccinate) room temperature ionic liquids have been d...

crown ethers 12-crown-4 (12c4), benzo-15-crown-5 (b15c5), 18-crown-6 (18c6), nitrobenzo-18-crown-6 (nb18c6) dibenzo-18-crown-6 (db18c6) and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (dc18c6), dissolved in dichloromethane, are able to form oxonium-ion complexes in contact with aqueous sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. this ability allows the transfer of cr(vi) oxanions from the acid media, through an orga...

Treatment of 3,5-diisopropyltriazole, 3,5-diphenyltriazole, 3,5-di-3-pyridyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrrolidinyltetrazole, or tert-butyltetrazole with equimolar quantities of potassium hydride and 18-crown-6 in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature led to slow hydrogen evolution and formation of (3,5-diisopropyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(18-crown-6)potassium (88%), (3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(t...

Stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (H) are commonly used measures of tree growth. We examined patterns of height growth and diameter growth along a stem using a 20-year record of an even-aged hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.) stand. In the region of the stem below the crown (except for the butt swell), diameter growth rates (ΔD) at different heights...