This study explored the effects of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardness, and wear-resistance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) by cryogenically treating NAK 80 mold steel coated with DLC. Raman spectroscopy analyzed the structure of the DLC film. Nanoindenter analyzed the hardness and Young’s modulus of the film, and their relationship determined the wear resistance. Wear test assesse...

LLE Review, Volume 105 26 Introduction In inertial fusion experiments, it is energetically advantageous to form the fuel into a solid shell before compression.1 Current cryogenic target experiments on OMEGA are being performed with pure deuterium (D2) as the fuel. 2 Future cryogenic target experiments will be performed with an equimolar solid mixture of deuterium and tritium (D-T). An equilibri...

H. Kollmus1, M. Wengenroth1, Th. Hackler1, M. Bender1, D. Severin1, A. Krämer1, E. Mahner2, and H. Reich-Sprenger1 1GSI, Darmstadt, Germany; 2CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Ion induced desorption is a serious intensity limitation for high current, low charge state heavy ion accelerators like SIS18 and SIS100. Whereas room temperature desorption was intensively investigated in the last years [1, 2], ...

We discuss results of low noise amplifier Monolithic Millimeter-wave Integrated Circuits (MMICs), which were designed for specific frequencies in the range of 70-200 GHz. We report on room temperature and cryogenic noise performance for a variety of circuits. The designs utilize Northrop Grumman Corporation’s (NGC) 35 nm gate length InP HEMT technology. Some of the lowest reported noise figures...

UK Biobank required a cryogenic facility to store, in vapour phase, a minimum of 5 000 000 1.2 ml capacity micro-tubes held in racks of 96 tubes below -180 degrees C for a 20 year period. The archive would be housed in a 900 m(2) industrial unit remote from the main laboratory area that would be generally unmanned and would require a complete cryogenic infrastructure. A commercial supplier was ...

We present a continuous liquid level sensing system for both room temperature and cryogenic fluids with millimeter spatial resolution. Change of in-fiber Rayleigh backscattering signal from the distinct thermal response of the heated sensing fiber in liquid and in air were interrogated and spatially resolved using the optical frequency domain reflectometry. Both electrical and optical heating t...

Activated carbons were obtained from the cryogenic grinding of used tyres using the liquid nitrogen as agent of freezing and compared to those obtained by the ambient grinding,. These products were prepared using the chemical activated method. It consists of impregnation of the powder obtained from the cryogrinded and ambient grinded used tyres by phosphoric acid, followed by a carbonization at...

Natural convection in a spherical geometry is considered for prediction of the buoyancy characteristics of one meter diameter singleand double-walled balloons in a cryogenic environment. The steady-state flow characteristics obtained by solving the ReynoldsAveraged Navier Stokes equations (RANS) with a standard k-ε model are used to determine the balloon performance in terms of net buoyancy as ...

This paper presents a cryogenic successive approximation register (SAR) based analog to digital converter (ADC) implemented in a standard 0.35 microm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. It operates from room temperature down to 4.4 K, achieving 10.47 effective number of bits (ENOB) at room temperature. At 4.4 K, the ADC achieves 8.53 ENOB at 50 kS/s sampling rate with a curr...

Single-photon emission from the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond constitutes one of its many proposed applications. Owing to its doubly degenerate 3E electronic excited state, photons from this defect can be emitted by two optical transitions with perpendicular polarization. Previous measurements have indicated that orbital-selective photoexcitation does not, however, yield photoluminescence ...