The discussion of the relative merits of linearversus branching-time frameworks goes back to early 1980s. One of the beliefs dominating this discussion has been that “while specifying is easier in LTL (linear-temporal logic), verification is easier for CTL (branching-temporal logic)”. Indeed, the restricted syntax of CTL limits its expressive power and many important behaviors (e.g., strong fai...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a lifelong infection in humans. Reactivation of latent virus occurs intermittently so that the immune system is frequently exposed to viral Ag, providing an opportunity to evaluate memory T cells to a persistent human pathogen. We studied the persistence of genital herpes lesion-derived HSV-specific CD8+ CTL from three immunocompetent individuals with freq...

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in controlling HIV-replication. Although numerous CTL epitopes have been described, most are in subtype B or C infection. Little is known about CTL responses in CRF01_AE infection. Gag CTL responses were investigated in a cohort of 137 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected Thai patients with high CD4+ T cell counts, using gIFN Enzyme-Linked Immunospot...

Minimal change is a fundamental principle for modeling system dynamics. In this paper, we study the issue of minimal change for Computational Tree Logic (CTL) model update. We first propose five primitive operations which capture the basic update of the CTL model, and then define the minimal change criteria for CTL model update based on these primitive operations. We provide essential semantic ...

We investigated the prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies (CTL-p-f) for the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in a cohort of 92 recipients of a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donors. CTL-p-f and clinical variables were correlated with acute GvHD and chronic GvHD in univariate and multivariate analyses. CTL-p-f resulted a...

In this paper, we investigate an in-host model for the viral dynamics of HIV-1 infection and its interaction with CTL immune response. The is sufficiently general to allow nonlinear forms both Threshold parameters are identified that completely determine global outcomes virus-target cell-CTL interactions. Impacts key parameter values functions budding rate on load CD4 count investigated using n...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL clones were isolated that recognized A-type EBV transformants but not B-type transformants. These A-type-specific CTL clones (HLA B8 restricted) were used to screen peptides derived from the EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) 2, 3, 4, and 6 as potential CTL epitopes. Of the 76 peptides screened, one sequence from EBNA 3 (residues 329-353) was recognized by A-type...

This paper presents a range of quantitative extensions for the temporal logic CTL. We enhance temporal modalities with the ability to constrain the number of states satisfying certain sub-formulas along paths. By selecting the combinations of Boolean and arithmetic operations allowed in constraints, one obtains several distinct logics generalizing CTL. We provide a thorough analysis of their ex...