BACKGROUND Heightened response to drug-related cues is a hallmark of addiction. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). In these patients, XR-NTX has been shown to reduce brain responses to opioid-related visual stimuli. To assess the biomarker potential of this phenomen...

Some individuals who try electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) continue to use long-term. Previous research has investigated the safety of e-cigarettes and their potential for use in smoking cessation, but comparatively little research has explored chronic or habitual e-cigarette use. In particular, the relationship between e-cigarette cues and craving is unknown. We sought to bridge this gap by...

Although laboratory research indicates that social-evaluative threat evokes a physical stress response, naturalistic studies of its situational determinants remain scarce. This work investigates the correlates of naturally occurring social-evaluative threats and tests the effects of situational control and social-evaluative threat on cardiovascular functioning. A total of 99 undergraduate stude...

Incremental reactivity estimates for many high molecular weight organic compounds used in consumer products are viewed as uncertain because of limited data on their reaction mechanisms and products. This study performs a systematic uncertainty analysis of the calculated incremental reactivities of two such compounds: n-butyl acetate and 2-butoxy ethanol. 2-butoxy ethanol is a relatively well-st...

This thesis reports the results of experiments investigating the reactivity of gas phase dications in collisions with neutral molecules at collision energies between leV and 14 eV in the laboratory frame using crossed beam techniques. Product ion intensities are measured using time of flight mass spectrometry and integral reaction cross sections are extracted from raw data for the various react...

BACKGROUND Inherited differences in the rate of metabolism of nicotine, the addictive chemical in tobacco, affect smoking behavior and quitting success. The nicotine metabolite ratio (3'-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a reliable measure of nicotine clearance and a well-validated predictive biomarker of response to pharmacotherapy. To clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations, we invest...

7 [1] Soil organic matter (SOM) is a primary reservoir of terrestrial sulfur (S), but its role in 8 the global S cycle remains poorly understood. We examine S speciation by X-ray 9 absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe S species behavior 10 during SOM decomposition. Sulfur species in SOM were best represented by organic 11 sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, and sulfate. Th...

Total antigen from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and isolates from the Leishmania braziliensis complex, along with their respective antigenic fractions obtained by affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A-Sepharose and jacalin-agarose columns evaluated using immunoenzymatic ELISA assay. For this, serum samples from 229 patients were used, grouped as American tegmental leishmaniasis (n=58...

SUMMARY : Yellow-brown bodies were observed in the sinusoids of lymph nodes and histiocytes. The authors confirmed immunohistochemical reactivity of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, and alkaline phosphatase in non-phagocytic histiocytes, and phagocytic histiocytes which contained yellow-brown bodies. Histio-cytes with yellow-brown bodies were not reacted to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme...