Genetically modified (GM) maize expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) is the only GM crop planted commercially in the European Union (EU). Cultivation in accordance with Directive 2001/18/EC demands post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) to ensure the detection and prevention of adverse effects on the environment possibly deriving from commercial...

Background During cultivation cells undergo a tremendous change in their metabolism when shifting from one state to another or when parameters are changed. To understand the changes in intracellular metabolite concentrations and their impact on cell performance we used a systematic approach. By employing the chemostat mode at different steady state conditions we investigated the alterations of ...

BACKGROUND Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia have been used as a diuretic agent in China for over two thousand years. A shortage of the natural P. umbellatus has prompted researchers to induce sclerotial formation in the laboratory. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING P. umbellatus cultivation in a sawdust-based substrate was investigated to evaluate the effect of low temperature conditions on sclerot...

Cells must coordinate adjustments in genome expression to accommodate changes in their environment. We hypothesized that the amount of transcriptome change is proportional to the amount of environmental change. To capture the effects of environmental changes on the transcriptome, we compared transcriptome diversities (defined as the Shannon entropy of frequency distribution) of silkworm fat-bod...

The application of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has increased the size of microbial diversity datasets by several orders of magnitude, providing improved access to the rare biosphere compared with cultivation-based approaches and more established cultivation-independent techniques. By contrast, cultivation-based approaches allow the retrieval of both common and uncommon bacte...

Background Different strategies have been evaluated for increasing the productivity of Drosophila melonogaster (S2) cells expressing recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP). The maintenance of selective pressure during all the cultivation time and new methods for population enrichment with high level expressing cells are two methods which can increase the productivity through increased exp...

background : leishmaniasis is one of the infectious parasitic diseases of highest incidence in the world. cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has long been reported in shiraz, southern iran. there is a need to find a sensitive and specific method for treatment and control of the disease. methods: we have compared the sensitivity of the conventional methods microscopy and cultiva­tion of lesion scrapes...

Sponges host complex microbial communities of recognized ecological and biotechnological importance. Extensive cultivation efforts have been made to isolate sponge bacteria, but most still elude cultivation. To identify the bottlenecks of sponge bacterial cultivation, we combined high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing with a variety of cultivation media and incubation conditions. We aimed to ...

The intention of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the potentials of the nutritional contribution of ARONIA berries ( ARONIA MELANOCARPA). The paper gives a short background to their botanical classification and cultivation practice, going in detail to describe the chemical composition of the berries. The emphasis is laid thereby upon the phenolic constituents. The paper...

Myxobacteria harbor an enormous potential for new bioactive secondary metabolites and therefore the isolation of in particular new groups is of great interest. The diversity of myxobacteria present in two ecological habitats, namely sand from Kiritimati Island and German compost, was evaluated by both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent methods. Phylogenetic analyses of the strains in...